Lck
Lck ili limfocitno-specifična protein tirozin-kinaza jest 56-kDa enzim koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom sa hromosoma 1. Ovaj protein nalazi se unutar specijalizoiranih ćelija imunskog sistema zvanih limfociti. Lck je tirozin-kinaza, koja fosforilizira tirozinske ostatke određenih proteina uključenih u unutarćelijske signalne puteve ovih limfocita. Član je Src porodice tirozin-kinaza.
Funkcija Lck je proučavana korištenjem nekoliko biokemijskih metoda, uključujući genski nokaut (nokaut-miševe), Jurkat-ćelije deficitarne Lck (JCaM1.6) i siRNK posredovane interferencije RNK.
Aminokiselinska sekvenca
urediDužina polipeptidnog lanca je 509 aminokiselina, a molekulska težina 58.001 Da.[5]
10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MGCGCSSHPE | DDWMENIDVC | ENCHYPIVPL | DGKGTLLIRN | GSEVRDPLVT | ||||
YEGSNPPASP | LQDNLVIALH | SYEPSHDGDL | GFEKGEQLRI | LEQSGEWWKA | ||||
QSLTTGQEGF | IPFNFVAKAN | SLEPEPWFFK | NLSRKDAERQ | LLAPGNTHGS | ||||
FLIRESESTA | GSFSLSVRDF | DQNQGEVVKH | YKIRNLDNGG | FYISPRITFP | ||||
GLHELVRHYT | NASDGLCTRL | SRPCQTQKPQ | KPWWEDEWEV | PRETLKLVER | ||||
LGAGQFGEVW | MGYYNGHTKV | AVKSLKQGSM | SPDAFLAEAN | LMKQLQHQRL | ||||
VRLYAVVTQE | PIYIITEYME | NGSLVDFLKT | PSGIKLTINK | LLDMAAQIAE | ||||
GMAFIEERNY | IHRDLRAANI | LVSDTLSCKI | ADFGLARLIE | DNEYTAREGA | ||||
KFPIKWTAPE | AINYGTFTIK | SDVWSFGILL | TEIVTHGRIP | YPGMTNPEVI | ||||
QNLERGYRMV | RPDNCPEELY | QLMRLCWKER | PEDRPTFDYL | RSVLEDFFTA | ||||
TEGQYQPQP |
Struktura
urediLck je 56-kD-ski protein. N-terminalni rep Lck je miristoiliran i palmitoiliran, koji vezuje protein za ćelijsku plazmamembranu. Protein dalje sadrži SH3-domen, SH2-domen i u C-terminalnom dijelu domen tirozin-kinaza. Dva glavna mjesta fosforilacije na Lck su tirozini 394 i 505. Prvo je autofosforilaciono mjesto i povezano je sa aktivacijom proteina. Potonje je fosforilirano pomoću Csk, koja inhibira Lck jer se protein savija i vezuje za sopstveni SH2-domen. Lck stoga služi kao poučan primjer da fosforilacija proteina može rezultirati i aktivacijom i inhibicijom.
T-ćelijska signalizacija
urediLck se najčešće nalazi u T-ćelijaama. Povezuje se sa citoplazmatskim repovima CD4 i CD8 koreceptora na T-pomoćnim ćelijama i citotoksičnim T-ćelijama,[6][7] za pomoć pri prenosu signala iz kompleksa T-ćelijskih receptora (TCR). Kada je T-ćelijski receptor zahvaćen specifičnim antigenom predstavljenim MHC, Lck djeluje da fosforilira unutarćelijske lance CD3 i CD3-zeta (ζ-lanci) TCR kompleksa, omogućavajući još jednu citoplazmatsku tirozin-kinazu, zvanu ZAP-70, da se veže za njih. Lck zatim fosforilira i aktivira ZAP-70, koji zauzvrat fosforilira drugu molekulu u signalnoj kaskadi zvanoj LAT (skraćeno od Linker za aktivaciju T-ćelija), transmembranski protein koji služi kao mjesto vezanja brojnih drugih proteina, od kojih su najvažniji Shc-Grb2-SOS, PI3K i fosfolipaza C ( PLC). Dodatno, nakon aktivacije T-ćelija, dio aktivnog Lck kinaze, translocira se izvan lipidnog splava (LR) u unutrašnjih lipidnih splavova, gdje stupa u interakciju sa i aktivira LR-rezidentni Fyn, koji uključen je u dalju aktivaciju nizvodne signalizacije.[8][9]
Fosforilacija tirozinske kaskade koju su pokrenuli Lck i Fyn kulminira unutarćelijskom mobilizacijom kalcijevih (Ca2+) iona i aktivacijom važne signalizacije kaskade unutar limfocita. To uključuje Ras-MEK-ERK puta, koji dalje aktivira određene transkripcijski faktor, kao što su NFAT, NF-κB i AP-1. Ovi faktori transkripcije regulišu proizvodnju pletora genskih proizvoda, najistaknutijih, citokina, kao što je interleukin-2 koji promoviraju dugotrajnu proliferaciju i diferencijaciju aktiviranih limfocita. Pored značaja Lck i Fyn u signalizaciji receptora T-ćelija, pokazalo se da su ove dvije src kinaze važne u TLR-posredovanoj signalizaciji u T-ćelijama.[10]
Podloge
urediLck tirozin fosforilira brojne proteine, od kojih su najvažniji CD3-receptor, CEACAM1, ZAP-70, SLP-76, IL-2 receptor, Protein kinaza C, ITK, PLC, Src dvodomenska homologija (SHC), RasGAP , Cbl, Vav1 i PI3K.
Inhibicija
urediU T-ćelijama u mirovanju, Lck je konstitutivno inhibiran fosforilacijom Csk na tirozinu 505. Lck je također inhibiran defosforilacijom SHP-1 na tirozinu 394. Lck također može biti inhibiran pomoću Cbl ubikvitin-ligaze, koja je dio ubikvitinom-posredovanog puta.[11]
Saraktinib, specifični inhibitor LCK, narušava održavanje ljudskih T-ALL ćelija in vitro kao i in vivo ciljajući ovu tirozin-kinazu u ćelije koje pokazuju visok nivo lipidnih splavova.[12]
Masitinib također inhibira Lck, što može imati određeni uticaj na njegove terapeutske efekte kod mastocitoma.[13]
Opisano je da inhibitor HSP90 NVP-BEP800 utiče na stabilnost LCK kinaze i rast T-ćelija akutne limfoblastne leukemije.[14]
Interakcije
urediPokazalo se da Lck interraguje sa:
Također pogledajte
urediReference
uredi- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182866 - Ensembl, maj 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000409 - Ensembl, maj 2017
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Dopunska literatura
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Vanjski linkovi
uredi- lck Kinase na US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- P06239