SH3 i multiplo ponavljajući ankirinski domeni 3 (Shank3), znani i kao prolinom bogati sinapsno vezani protein 2 (ProSAP2), jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom SHANK3 sa hromosoma 22.[5] Za ovaj gen opisane su i dodatne izoforme, ali još uvijek nisu eksperimentalno potvrđene.

SHANK3
Identifikatori
AliasiSHANK3
Vanjski ID-jeviOMIM: 606230 MGI: 1930016 HomoloGene: 75163 GeneCards: SHANK3
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hromosom 22 (čovjek)
Hrom.Hromosom 22 (čovjek)[1]
Hromosom 22 (čovjek)
Genomska lokacija za SHANK3
Genomska lokacija za SHANK3
Bend22q13.33Početak50,674,415 bp[1]
Kraj50,733,212 bp[1]
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hromosom 15 (miš)
Hrom.Hromosom 15 (miš)[2]
Hromosom 15 (miš)
Genomska lokacija za SHANK3
Genomska lokacija za SHANK3
Bend15|15 E3Početak89,383,826 bp[2]
Kraj89,444,464 bp[2]
Obrazac RNK ekspresije




Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija SH3 domain binding
scaffold protein binding
vezivanje iona cinka
protein C-terminus binding
GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine
synaptic receptor adaptor activity
actin binding
ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
protein self-association
signaling receptor complex adaptor activity
Ćelijska komponenta citoplazma
postsynaptic membrane
projekcija ćelije
membrana
ćelijska membrana
dendritična kičma
sinapsa
međućelijske veze
ciliary membrane
neuron spine
neuron projection
GO:0097483, GO:0097481 postsynaptic density
citosol
extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
ionotropic glutamate receptor complex
dendrit
Biološki proces positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity
NMDA glutamate receptor clustering
regulation of long-term synaptic depression
positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
postsynaptic density assembly
negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly
negative regulation of cell volume
positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity
Memorija
Učenje
positive regulation of dendritic spine development
MAPK cascade
striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation
AMPA glutamate receptor clustering
dendritic spine morphogenesis
vocal learning
vocalization behavior
adult behavior
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential
socijalno ponašanje
guanylate kinase-associated protein clustering
synapse assembly
regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis
brain morphogenesis
axon guidance
synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
long-term potentiation
regulation of AMPA receptor activity
Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
VrsteČovjekMiš
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNK)

NM_001080420
NM_001372044

NM_021423

RefSeq (bjelančevina)

NP_277052

NP_067398

Lokacija (UCSC)Chr 22: 50.67 – 50.73 MbChr 15: 89.38 – 89.44 Mb
PubMed pretraga[3][4]
Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjekPogledaj/uredi – miš

Aminokiselinska sekvenca

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Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 1.731 aminokiselina, a molekulska težina 184.667 Da.[5]

1020304050
MDGPGASAVVVRVGIPDLQQTKCLRLDPAAPVWAAKQRVLCALNHSLQDA
LNYGLFQPPSRGRAGKFLDEERLLQEYPPNLDTPLPYLEFRYKRRVYAQN
LIDDKQFAKLHTKANLKKFMDYVQLHSTDKVARLLDKGLDPNFHDPDSGE
CPLSLAAQLDNATDLLKVLKNGGAHLDFRTRDGLTAVHCATRQRNAAALT
TLLDLGASPDYKDSRGLTPLYHSALGGGDALCCELLLHDHAQLGITDENG
WQEIHQACRFGHVQHLEHLLFYGADMGAQNASGNTALHICALYNQESCAR
VLLFRGANRDVRNYNSQTAFQVAIIAGNFELAEVIKTHKDSDVVPFRETP
SYAKRRRLAGPSGLASPRPLQRSASDINLKGEAQPAASPGPSLRSLPHQL
LLQRLQEEKDRDRDADQESNISGPLAGRAGQSKISPSGPGGPGPAPGPGP
APPAPPAPPPRGPKRKLYSAVPGRKFIAVKAHSPQGEGEIPLHRGEAVKV
LSIGEGGFWEGTVKGRTGWFPADCVEEVQMRQHDTRPETREDRTKRLFRH
YTVGSYDSLTSHSDYVIDDKVAVLQKRDHEGFGFVLRGAKAETPIEEFTP
TPAFPALQYLESVDVEGVAWRAGLRTGDFLIEVNGVNVVKVGHKQVVALI
RQGGNRLVMKVVSVTRKPEEDGARRRAPPPPKRAPSTTLTLRSKSMTAEL
EELASIRRRKGEKLDEMLAAAAEPTLRPDIADADSRAATVKQRPTSRRIT
PAEISSLFERQGLPGPEKLPGSLRKGIPRTKSVGEDEKLASLLEGRFPRS
TSMQDPVREGRGIPPPPQTAPPPPPAPYYFDSGPPPAFSPPPPPGRAYDT
VRSSFKPGLEARLGAGAAGLYEPGAALGPLPYPERQKRARSMIILQDSAP
ESGDAPRPPPAATPPERPKRRPRPPGPDSPYANLGAFSASLFAPSKPQRR
KSPLVKQLQVEDAQERAALAVGSPGPGGGSFAREPSPTHRGPRPGGLDYG
AGDGPGLAFGGPGPAKDRRLEERRRSTVFLSVGAIEGSAPGADLPSLQPS
RSIDERLLGTGPTAGRDLLLPSPVSALKPLVSGPSLGPSGSTFIHPLTGK
PLDPSSPLALALAARERALASQAPSRSPTPVHSPDADRPGPLFVDVQARD
PERGSLASPAFSPRSPAWIPVPARREAEKVPREERKSPEDKKSMILSVLD
TSLQRPAGLIVVHATSNGQEPSRLGGAEEERPGTPELAPAPMQSAAVAEP
LPSPRAQPPGGTPADAGPGQGSSEEEPELVFAVNLPPAQLSSSDEETREE
LARIGLVPPPEEFANGVLLATPLAGPGPSPTTVPSPASGKPSSEPPPAPE
SAADSGVEEADTRSSSDPHLETTSTISTVSSMSTLSSESGELTDTHTSFA
DGHTFLLEKPPVPPKPKLKSPLGKGPVTFRDPLLKQSSDSELMAQQHHAA
SAGLASAAGPARPRYLFQRRSKLWGDPVESRGLPGPEDDKPTVISELSSR
LQQLNKDTRSLGEEPVGGLGSLLDPAKKSPIAAARLFSSLGELSSISAQR
SPGGPGGGASYSVRPSGRYPVARRAPSPVKPASLERVEGLGAGAGGAGRP
FGLTPPTILKSSSLSIPHEPKEVRFVVRSVSARSRSPSPSPLPSPASGPG
PGAPGPRRPFQQKPLQLWSKFDVGDWLESIHLGEHRDRFEDHEIEGAHLP
ALTKDDFVELGVTRVGHRMNIERALRQLDGS

Funkcija

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Ovaj gen je član porodice Shank gena. Kodira protein koji sadrži pet interakcijskih domena ili motiva uključujući domen ankirinskog ponavljanja (ANK), src 3 domen (SH3), domen bogat prolinom i PDZ domen i sterilni α motiv (SAM).[6] Shank proteini su proteini multidomenski skele postsinapsne gustine koji povezuju neurotransmiterske receptore, ionske kanale i druge membranske proteine sa aktinskim citoskeletom i signalnim putevima vezanim za G-protein. Također imaju ulogu u formiranju sinapse i sazrijevanju dendritske kičme.[7]

Klinički značaj

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Mutacije u ovom genu povezane su sa poremećajima iz spektra autizma.[8] Ovaj gen često nedostaje kod pacijenata sa sindromom delecije 22q13.3 (Phelan-McDermid sindrom),[9] iako ne u svim slučajevima.[10]

Interakcije

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Pokazano je da SHANK3 reaguje sa ARHGEF7.[11]

Mišji modeli

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Modeli mišjeg SHANK3 uključuju N-terminalne nokaute[12][13] and a PDZ domain knock-out[14] svi oni također pokazuju deficite socijalne interakcije i druge varijabilne fenotipove. Većina ovih miševa su homozigotni nokauti, dok su sve ljudske mutacije gena Shank3 bile heterozigotne.

U inducibilnom nokautu, obnavljanje ekspresije Shank3 kod odraslih miševa potaknulo je dendritski rast kičme i povratilo normalno ponašanje u njezi i dobrovoljnu društvenu interakciju.[15] Međutim, ostali su deficiti smanjena lokomocija, anksioznost i rotarod. Obnavljanje ekspresije gena zametne linije spasilo je sve izmjerene fenotipove. Eksperimenti na različitim razvojnim prozorima sugerirali su da je rana intervencija učinkovitija u obnavljanju osobina ponašanja.

Pacovski modeli

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Pacovski model SHANK3 je razvijen korištenjem nukleaza cinkovog prsta ciljanog na egzon 6 domena ankirinskog ponavljanja (ANK). Delecija (–68bp) rezultirala je smanjenjem pune dužine proteina SHANK3a. Nije jasno da li je ekspresija drugih izoformi (b i c) SHANK3 pogođena u ovom modelu glodara. Mutantni pacovi shank3 imaju deficite u dugotrajnoj memoriji, ali ne i kratkoročnoj memoriji društvenog prepoznavanja, kao i deficitu pažnje. Ovi mutanti također imaju oštećenu sinapsnu plastičnost. Kod ljudi opisano je pet pacijenata koji imaju različite mutacije u egzonu 6 proteina SHANK3.

Reference

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000251322 - Ensembl, maj 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022623 - Ensembl, maj 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: SHANK3 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3".
  6. ^ Sheng M, Kim E (juni 2000). "The Shank family of scaffold proteins". Journal of Cell Science. 113 ( Pt 11) (11): 1851–6. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.11.1851. PMID 10806096.
  7. ^ Boeckers TM, Bockmann J, Kreutz MR, Gundelfinger ED (juni 2002). "ProSAP/Shank proteins - a family of higher order organizing molecules of the postsynaptic density with an emerging role in human neurological disease". Journal of Neurochemistry. 81 (5): 903–10. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00931.x. PMID 12065602. S2CID 19894590.
  8. ^ Brown, EA; et al. (2018). "Clustering the autisms using glutamate synapse protein interaction networks from cortical and hippocampal tissue of seven mouse models". Molecular Autism. BioMed Central. 9 (48): 1-16. doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0229-1. PMC 6139139. PMID 30237867. Arhivirano s originala, 29. 3. 2021. Pristupljeno 19. 11. 2021.
  9. ^ Sarasua SM, Dwivedi A, Boccuto L, Rollins JD, Chen CF, Rogers RC, Phelan K, DuPont BR, Collins JS (novembar 2011). "Association between deletion size and important phenotypes expands the genomic region of interest in Phelan-McDermid syndrome (22q13 deletion syndrome)". Journal of Medical Genetics. 48 (11): 761–6. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100225. PMID 21984749. S2CID 28620399.
  10. ^ Simenson K, Õiglane-Shlik E, Teek R, Kuuse K, Õunap K (mart 2014). "A patient with the classic features of Phelan-McDermid syndrome and a high immunoglobulin E level caused by a cryptic interstitial 0.72-Mb deletion in the 22q13.2 region". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 164A (3): 806–9. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36358. PMID 24375995. S2CID 7917552.
  11. ^ Park E, Na M, Choi J, Kim S, Lee JR, Yoon J, Park D, Sheng M, Kim E (maj 2003). "The Shank family of postsynaptic density proteins interacts with and promotes synaptic accumulation of the beta PIX guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and Cdc42". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (21): 19220–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301052200. PMID 12626503.
  12. ^ Wang X, McCoy PA, Rodriguiz RM, Pan Y, Je HS, Roberts AC, Kim CJ, Berrios J, Colvin JS, Bousquet-Moore D, Lorenzo I, Wu G, Weinberg RJ, Ehlers MD, Philpot BD, Beaudet AL, Wetsel WC, Jiang YH (august 2011). "Synaptic dysfunction and abnormal behaviors in mice lacking major isoforms of Shank3". Human Molecular Genetics. 20 (15): 3093–108. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr212. PMC 3131048. PMID 21558424.
  13. ^ Bozdagi O, Sakurai T, Papapetrou D, Wang X, Dickstein DL, Takahashi N, Kajiwara Y, Yang M, Katz AM, Scattoni ML, Harris MJ, Saxena R, Silverman JL, Crawley JN, Zhou Q, Hof PR, Buxbaum JD (decembar 2010). "Haploinsufficiency of the autism-associated Shank3 gene leads to deficits in synaptic function, social interaction, and social communication". Molecular Autism. 1 (1): 15. doi:10.1186/2040-2392-1-15. PMC 3019144. PMID 21167025.
  14. ^ Peça J, Feliciano C, Ting JT, Wang W, Wells MF, Venkatraman TN, Lascola CD, Fu Z, Feng G (april 2011). "Shank3 mutant mice display autistic-like behaviours and striatal dysfunction" (PDF). Nature. 472 (7344): 437–42. Bibcode:2011Natur.472..437P. doi:10.1038/nature09965. PMC 3090611. PMID 21423165.
  15. ^ Mei Y, Monteiro P, Zhou Y, Kim JA, Gao X, Fu Z, Feng G (februar 2016). "Adult restoration of Shank3 expression rescues selective autistic-like phenotypes". Nature. 530 (7591): 481–4. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..481M. doi:10.1038/nature16971. PMC 4898763. PMID 26886798.

Dopunska literatura

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Vanjski linkovi

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