EGR1
EGR-1 (skraćenica od engleskog naziva Early Growth Response protein 1 = protein odgovora na rani faktor rasta ) znan i kao ZNF268 (engleska skraćenica za protein cinkovog prsta 268) ili NGFI-A (engleska skraćenica za protein A induciran fakrorom rasta) jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom EGR1.
EGR-1 je transkripcijski faktor. Nazvan je i Krox-24, TIS8 i ZENK. Prvobitno je otkriven kod miševa.
Aminokiselinska sekvenca
urediDužina polipeptidnog lanca je 543 aminokiselina, а molekulska težina 57.507 Da.[5]
10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAAAKAEMQL | MSPLQISDPF | GSFPHSPTMD | NYPKLEEMML | LSNGAPQFLG | ||||
AAGAPEGSGS | NSSSSSSGGG | GGGGGGSNSS | SSSSTFNPQA | DTGEQPYEHL | ||||
TAESFPDISL | NNEKVLVETS | YPSQTTRLPP | ITYTGRFSLE | PAPNSGNTLW | ||||
PEPLFSLVSG | LVSMTNPPAS | SSSAPSPAAS | SASASQSPPL | SCAVPSNDSS | ||||
PIYSAAPTFP | TPNTDIFPEP | QSQAFPGSAG | TALQYPPPAY | PAAKGGFQVP | ||||
MIPDYLFPQQ | QGDLGLGTPD | QKPFQGLESR | TQQPSLTPLS | TIKAFATQSG | ||||
SQDLKALNTS | YQSQLIKPSR | MRKYPNRPSK | TPPHERPYAC | PVESCDRRFS | ||||
RSDELTRHIR | IHTGQKPFQC | RICMRNFSRS | DHLTTHIRTH | TGEKPFACDI | ||||
CGRKFARSDE | RKRHTKIHLR | QKDKKADKSV | VASSATSSLS | SYPSPVATSY | ||||
PSPVTTSYPS | PATTSYPSPV | PTSFSSPGSS | TYPSPVHSGF | PSPSVATTYS | ||||
SVPPAFPAQV | SSFPSSAVTN | SFSASTGLSD | MTATFSPRTI | EIC |
Funkcija
urediProtein kodiran ovim genom pripada porodici EGR proteina Cys2 njegovog tipacinkovog prsta2 To je jedarni protein i funkcionira kao regulator transkripcije. Proizvodi ciljnih gena koje aktivira potrebni su za diferencijaciju i mitogenezu. Studije sugeriraju da se radi o tumor-supresorskom genu.[6]
Ima jasan obrazac ekspresije u mozgu, a pokazalo se da je njegova indukcija povezana s neuronskom aktivnošću. Nekoliko studija sugerira da ima ulogu u plastičnosti neurona.[7]
EGR-1 je važan faktor transkripcije u formaciji memorija. Ima bitnu ulogu u reprogramiranju epigenetičkih moždanih neurona. EGR-1 regrutuje protein TET1 koji pokreće put demetilacije DNK.[8] Uklanjanje oznaka metilacije DNK omogućuje aktivaciju nizvodnih gena. EGR-1, zajedno s TET1, koristi se za programiranje distribucije mjesta metilacije DNK mozga tokom njegovog razvoja, u učenju i dugoročnoj neuronskom plastičnosti. Takođe je utvrđeno da EGR-1 regulira ekspresiju VAMP2 (proteina važnog za sinapsne egzocitoze).[9]
Osim svoje funkcije u živčanom sistemu, postoje značajni dokazi da EGR-1 zajedno sa svojim paralogom EGR-2 inducira u fibroznim bolestima, ima ključne funkcije u fibrinogenezi i neophodan je za eksperimentalno induciranu fibrozu kod miševa.[10]
Struktura
urediDomen koji veže DNK EGR-1 sastoji se od tri domena cinkovog prsta tipa Cys2His2. Struktura aminokiselina EGR-1 domena cinkovog prsta data je u ovoj tabeli, koristeći jednoznačni kod aminokiselina. Prsti od 1 do 3 označeni su sa f1 - f3. Brojevi se odnose na ostatke (aminokiseline) alfa-helikse (nema nule). Ostaci označeni sa "x" nisu dio cinkovih prstiju, već služe za njihovo povezivanje.
-1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||||||||||
f1 | M | A | E | E | R | P | Y | A | C | P | V | E | S | C | D | R | R | F | S | R | S | D | E | L | T | R | H | I | R | I | H | T | G | Q | K | P | |
f2 | F | Q | C | A | I | - | - | C | M | R | N | F | S | R | S | D | H | L | T | T | H | I | A | T | H | T | G | E | K | P | |||||||
f3 | F | A | C | D | I | - | - | C | G | R | K | F | A | R | S | D | E | R | K | R | H | T | K | I | H | L | R | Q | K | D |
- Simboli
- Alanin (Ala, A), Arginin (Arg, R), Asparagin (Asn, N), Aspartat (Asp, D), Cistein (Cys, C), Glutamat (Glu, E), Glutamin (Gln, Q), Glicin (Gly, G), Histidin (His, H), Izoleucin (Ile, I), Leucin (Leu, L), Lizin (Lys, K), Metionin (Met, M), Fenilalanin (Phe, F), Prolin (Pro, P), Serin (Ser, S), Treonin (Thr, T), Triptofan (Trp, W), Tirozin (Tyr, Y), Valin (Val, V)
Kristalna struktura DNK vezana domenom cinkovog prsta EGR-1 riješena je 1991. godine, što je uveliko pomoglo rano istraživanje u domenama vezanja DNK za cinkove prste.[12]
Ljudski protein EGR-1 sadrži (u neobrađenom obliku) 543 aminokiselina molekulske mase 57,5 kDa, a gen se nalazi na hromosomu 5.
Specifičnost vezivanja DNK
urediEGR-1 veže DNK sekvencu 5'-GCG TGG GCG-3'(i slične 5'-GCG GGG GCG-3').[13][14] Položaj f1 veže 5 'G (prvi broj baze slijeva); položaj f1 3 prema drugoj bazi (C); pozicija f1 -1 veže se za treću poziciju (G); f2 položaj 6 do četvrte baze (T); i tako dalje.
Interakcije
urediPokazalo se da EGR-1 stupa u interakcije sa:
Također pogledajte
urediReference
uredi- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120738 - Ensembl, maj 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038418 - Ensembl, maj 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "UniProt, P18146" (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 14. 10. 2021.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: EGR1 early growth response 1".
- ^ Knapska E, Kaczmarek L (novembar 2004). "A gene for neuronal plasticity in the mammalian brain: Zif268/Egr-1/NGFI-A/Krox-24/TIS8/ZENK?". Progress in Neurobiology. 74 (4): 183–211. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.05.007. PMID 15556287. S2CID 39251786.
- ^ Sun Z, Xu X, He J, Murray A, Sun MA, Wei X, Wang X, McCoig E, Xie E, Jiang X, Li L, Zhu J, Chen J, Morozov A, Pickrell AM, Theus MH, Xie H. EGR1 recruits TET1 to shape the brain methylome during development and upon neuronal activity. Nat Commun. 2019 Aug 29;10(1):3892. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11905-3. PMID 31467272
- ^ Petersohn D, Thiel G (august 1996). "Role of zinc-finger proteins Sp1 and zif268/egr-1 in transcriptional regulation of the human synaptobrevin II gene". European Journal of Biochemistry. 239 (3): 827–34. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0827u.x. PMID 8774732.
- ^ Bhattacharyya S, Wu M, Fang F, Tourtellotte W, Feghali-Bostwick C, Varga J (maj 2011). "Early growth response transcription factors: key mediators of fibrosis and novel targets for anti-fibrotic therapy". Matrix Biology. 30 (4): 235–42. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2011.03.005. PMC 3135176. PMID 21511034.
- ^ Han P, Guerrero-Netro H, Estienne A, Cao B, Price CA (oktobar 2017). "Regulation and action of early growth response 1 in bovine granulosa cells". Reproduction. 154 (4): 547–557. doi:10.1530/REP-17-0243. PMID 28733346.
- ^ Pavletich NP, Pabo CO (maj 1991). "Zinc finger-DNA recognition: crystal structure of a Zif268-DNA complex at 2.1 A". Science. 252 (5007): 809–17. doi:10.1126/science.2028256. PMID 2028256. S2CID 38000717.
- ^ Christy B, Nathans D (novembar 1989). "DNA binding site of the growth factor-inducible protein Zif268". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (22): 8737–41. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8737. PMC 298363. PMID 2510170.
- ^ Swirnoff AH, Milbrandt J (april 1995). "DNA-binding specificity of NGFI-A and related zinc finger transcription factors". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (4): 2275–87. doi:10.1128/mcb.15.4.2275. PMC 230455. PMID 7891721.
- ^ Zhang F, Lin M, Abidi P, Thiel G, Liu J (novembar 2003). "Specific interaction of Egr1 and c/EBPbeta leads to the transcriptional activation of the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (45): 44246–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305564200. PMID 12947119.
- ^ a b Silverman ES, Du J, Williams AJ, Wadgaonkar R, Drazen JM, Collins T (novembar 1998). "cAMP-response-element-binding-protein-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are transcriptional co-activators of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1)". The Biochemical Journal. 336 ( Pt 1) (1): 183–9. doi:10.1042/bj3360183. PMC 1219856. PMID 9806899.
- ^ Russo MW, Sevetson BR, Milbrandt J (juli 1995). "Identification of NAB1, a repressor of NGFI-A- and Krox20-mediated transcription". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (15): 6873–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.6873. PMC 41432. PMID 7624335.
- ^ Liu J, Grogan L, Nau MM, Allegra CJ, Chu E, Wright JJ (april 2001). "Physical interaction between p53 and primary response gene Egr-1". International Journal of Oncology. 18 (4): 863–70. doi:10.3892/ijo.18.4.863. PMID 11251186.
- ^ Bae MH, Jeong CH, Kim SH, Bae MK, Jeong JW, Ahn MY, et al. (oktobar 2002). "Regulation of Egr-1 by association with the proteasome component C8". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1592 (2): 163–7. doi:10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00310-5. PMID 12379479.
Dopunska literatura
uredi- Heath RG (mart 1975). "Brain function and behavior. I. Emotion and sensory phenomena in psychotic patients and in experimental animals". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 160 (3): 159–75. doi:10.1097/00005053-197503000-00002. PMID 1090709. S2CID 23024944.
- Silverman ES, Collins T (mart 1999). "Pathways of Egr-1-mediated gene transcription in vascular biology". The American Journal of Pathology. 154 (3): 665–70. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65312-6. PMC 1866415. PMID 10079243.
- Adamson ED, Mercola D (2002). "Egr1 transcription factor: multiple roles in prostate tumor cell growth and survival". Tumour Biology. 23 (2): 93–102. doi:10.1159/000059711. PMID 12065847. S2CID 46795197.
- Blaschke F, Bruemmer D, Law RE (august 2004). "Egr-1 is a major vascular pathogenic transcription factor in atherosclerosis and restenosis". Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. 5 (3): 249–54. doi:10.1023/B:REMD.0000032413.88756.ee. PMID 15211096. S2CID 11968305.
- Abdulkadir SA (novembar 2005). "Mechanisms of prostate tumorigenesis: roles for transcription factors Nkx3.1 and Egr1". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1059: 33–40. doi:10.1196/annals.1339.018. PMID 16382041. S2CID 6774788.
- Khachigian LM (februar 2006). "Early growth response-1 in cardiovascular pathobiology". Circulation Research. 98 (2): 186–91. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000200177.53882.c3. PMID 16456111.
Vanjski linkovi
uredi- Zif 268 protein, human na US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- FactorBook Egr-1
- P18146
- P08046