CAST

CAST
Identifikatori
Aliasi	CAST
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 114090 MGI: 1098236 HomoloGene: 7658 GeneCards: CAST
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 5 (čovjek)
Kraj	96,779,595 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 13 (miš)
Kraj	74,956,929 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	; ; ; ;
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• peptidase inhibitor activity; • cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity; • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • endopeptidase inhibitor activity; • vezivanje sa RNK; • cadherin binding; • calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity; • protease binding;
Ćelijska komponenta	• Endoplazmatski retikulum; • membrana; • citosol;
Biološki proces	• negative regulation of peptidase activity; • negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process; • inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; • presynaptic active zone organization;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	831
	12380
	ENSG00000153113
	ENSMUSG00000021585
	P20810
	P51125
NM_001042440; NM_001042441; NM_001042442; NM_001042443; NM_001042444;
	NM_001042445; NM_001042446; NM_001190442; NM_001284212; NM_001284213; NM_001750; NM_173060; NM_173061; NM_173062; NM_173063; NM_001330626; NM_001330627; NM_001330628; NM_001330629; NM_001330630; NM_001330631; NM_001330632; NM_001330633; NM_001330634; NM_001375317
NM_001301153; NM_001301155; NM_001301156; NM_001301157; NM_001301158;
	NM_001301160; NM_001301181; NM_009817
NP_001035905; NP_001035906; NP_001035907; NP_001035908; NP_001035909;
	NP_001035910; NP_001035911; NP_001177371; NP_001271141; NP_001271142; NP_001317555; NP_001317556; NP_001317557; NP_001317558; NP_001317559; NP_001317560; NP_001317561; NP_001317562; NP_001317563; NP_001741; NP_775083; NP_001362246
NP_001288082; NP_001288084; NP_001288085; NP_001288086; NP_001288087;
	NP_001288089; NP_001288110; NP_033947
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Kalpastatin jest protein/enzim koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom CAST.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 708 aminokiselina, а molekulska težina 76.573 Da.^[9]

C: Cistein

D: Asparaginska kiselina

E: Glutaminska kiselina

F: Fenilalanin

G: Glicin

H: Histidin

I: Izoleucin

K: Lizin

L: Leucin

M: Metionin

N: Asparagin

P: Prolin

Q: Glutamin

R: Arginin

S: Serin

T: Treonin

V: Valin

W: Triptofan

Y: Tirozin

10	20	30	40	50
MNPTETKAIP	VSQQMEGPHL	PNKKKHKKQA	VKTEPEKKSQ	STKLSVVHEK
KSQEGKPKEH	TEPKSLPKQA	SDTGSNDAHN	KKAVSRSAEQ	QPSEKSTEPK
TKPQDMISAG	GESVAGITAI	SGKPGDKKKE	KKSLTPAVPV	ESKPDKPSGK
SGMDAALDDL	IDTLGGPEET	EEENTTYTGP	EVSDPMSSTY	IEELGKREVT
IPPKYRELLA	KKEGITGPPA	DSSKPIGPDD	AIDALSSDFT	CGSPTAAGKK
TEKEESTEVL	KAQSAGTVRS	AAPPQEKKRK	VEKDTMSDQA	LEALSASLGT
RQAEPELDLR	SIKEVDEAKA	KEEKLEKCGE	DDETIPSEYR	LKPATDKDGK
PLLPEPEEKP	KPRSESELID	ELSEDFDRSE	CKEKPSKPTE	KTEESKAAAP
APVSEAVCRT	SMCSIQSAPP	EPATLKGTVP	DDAVEALADS	LGKKEADPED
GKPVMDKVKE	KAKEEDREKL	GEKEETIPPD	YRLEEVKDKD	GKPLLPKESK
EQLPPMSEDF	LLDALSEDFS	GPQNASSLKF	EDAKLAAAIS	EVVSQTPAST
TQAGAPPRDT	SQSDKDLDDA	LDKLSDSLGQ	RQPDPDENKP	MEDKVKEKAK
AEHRDKLGER	DDTIPPEYRH	LLDDNGQDKP	VKPPTKKSED	SKKPADDQDP
IDALSGDLDS	CPSTTETSQN	TAKDKCKKAA	SSSKAPKNGG	KAKDSAKTTE
ETSKPKDD

Funkcija

Protein kodiran ovim genom je endogeni inhibitor kalpain (cistein-proteaza ovisna o kalciju). Sastoji se od N-terminalnog domena L i četiri ponavljajuća domena inhibicije kalpaina (domeni 1–4), a uključen je u proteolizu proteina amiloidnog prekursora. Sistem kalpain/kalpastatin uključen je u brojne događaje fuzije membrane, kao što je egzocitoza neuronskih vezikula i agregacija trombocita i crvenih krvnih zrnaca. Također se smatra da kodirani protein utiče na nivoe ekspresije gena koji kodiraju strukturne ili regulatorne proteine. Opisano je nekoliko alternativno prerađenih varijanti transkripta ovog gena, ali su samo neke određene imaju poznatu prirodu pune dužine.^[8]

Reference

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153113 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021585 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ma H, Yang HQ, Takano E, Lee WJ, Hatanaka M, Maki M (Sep 1993). "Requirement of different subdomains of calpastatin for calpain inhibition and for binding to calmodulin-like domains". J Biochem. 113 (5): 591–9. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124088. PMID 8340353.
^ Averna M, De Tullio R, Capini P, Salamino F, Pontremoli S, Melloni E (Dec 2003). "Changes in calpastatin localization and expression during calpain activation: a new mechanism for the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis". Cell Mol Life Sci. 60 (12): 2669–78. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3288-0. PMID 14685690. S2CID 23794801.
^ Raynaud P, Jayat-Vignoles C, Laforet MP, Leveziel H, Amarger V (Apr 2005). "Four promoters direct expression of the calpastatin gene". Arch Biochem Biophys. 437 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.02.026. PMID 15820218.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: CAST calpastatin".
^ "UniProt, P20810" (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2021.

Dopunska literatura

Murachi T (1989). "Intracellular regulatory system involving calpain and calpastatin". Biochem. Int. 18 (2): 263–94. PMID 2548504.
Lee WJ, Ma H, Takano E, et al. (1992). "Molecular diversity in amino-terminal domains of human calpastatin by exon skipping". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (12): 8437–42. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42463-5. PMID 1569094.
Adachi Y, Ishida-Takahashi A, Takahashi C, et al. (1991). "Phosphorylation and subcellular distribution of calpastatin in human hematopoietic system cells". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (6): 3968–72. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67888-9. PMID 1995645.
Inazawa J, Nakagawa H, Misawa S, et al. (1991). "Assignment of the human calpastatin gene (CAST) to chromosome 5 at region q14----q22". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (3–4): 156–8. doi:10.1159/000132982. PMID 2265559.
Uemori T, Shimojo T, Asada K, et al. (1990). "Characterization of a functional domain of human calpastatin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166 (3): 1485–93. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91035-Q. PMID 2407243.
Maki M, Bagci H, Hamaguchi K, et al. (1989). "Inhibition of calpain by a synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to an exon of the human calpastatin gene". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (32): 18866–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)47235-9. PMID 2553724.
Murachi T, Takano E, Maki M, et al. (1990). "Cloning and expression of the genes for calpains and calpastatins". Biochem. Soc. Symp. 55: 29–44. PMID 2559735.
Asada K, Ishino Y, Shimada M, et al. (1991). "cDNA cloning of human calpastatin: sequence homology among human, pig, and rabbit calpastatins". J. Enzym. Inhib. 3 (1): 49–56. doi:10.3109/14756368909030363. PMID 2577276.
Pontremoli S, Salamino F, Sparatore B, et al. (1989). "Characterization of the calpastatin defect in erythrocytes from patients with essential hypertension". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157 (3): 867–74. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80955-0. PMID 2849943.
Mimori T, Suganuma K, Tanami Y, et al. (1995). "Autoantibodies to calpastatin (an endogenous inhibitor for calcium-dependent neutral protease, calpain) in systemic rheumatic diseases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (16): 7267–71. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.7267M. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7267. PMC 41320. PMID 7638179.
Després N, Talbot G, Plouffe B, et al. (1995). "Detection and expression of a cDNA clone that encodes a polypeptide containing two inhibitory domains of human calpastatin and its recognition by rheumatoid arthritis sera". J. Clin. Invest. 95 (4): 1891–6. doi:10.1172/JCI117870. PMC 295733. PMID 7706496.
Wei SG, Wang LF, Miao SY, et al. (1995). "Expression of the calpastatin gene segment during spermiogenesis in human testis: an in situ hybridization study". Arch. Androl. 34 (1): 9–12. doi:10.3109/01485019508987826. PMID 7710300.
Wang LF, Wei SG, Miao SY, et al. (1994). "Calpastatin gene in human testis". Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 33 (2): 245–51. PMID 7951045.
Schwarz-Benmeir N, Glaser T, Barnoy S, Kosower NS (1995). "Calpastatin in erythrocytes of young and old individuals". Biochem. J. 304 (2): 365–70. doi:10.1042/bj3040365. PMC 1137502. PMID 7998969.
Fujitani K, Kambayashi J, Sakon M, et al. (1997). "Identification of mu-, m-calpains and calpastatin and capture of mu-calpain activation in endothelial cells". J. Cell. Biochem. 66 (2): 197–209. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19970801)66:2<197::AID-JCB7>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 9213221.
Wang KK, Posmantur R, Nadimpalli R, et al. (1998). "Caspase-mediated fragmentation of calpain inhibitor protein calpastatin during apoptosis". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 356 (2): 187–96. doi:10.1006/abbi.1998.0748. PMID 9705209. S2CID 11593624.
Han Y, Weinman S, Boldogh I, et al. (1999). "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible IkappaBalpha proteolysis mediated by cytosolic m-calpain. A mechanism parallel to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for nuclear factor-kappab activation". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (2): 787–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.2.787. PMID 9873017.
Ishikawa H, Nakagawa Y, Shimizu K, et al. (2000). "Inflammatory cytokines induced down-regulation of m-calpain mRNA expression in fibroblastic synoviocytes from patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 266 (2): 341–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1819. hdl:2433/180881. PMID 10600505.

Vanjski linkovi

The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: LI27.001^{[mrtav link]}

Portal Biologija

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153113 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021585 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8340353-5] Ma H, Yang HQ, Takano E, Lee WJ, Hatanaka M, Maki M (Sep 1993). "Requirement of different subdomains of calpastatin for calpain inhibition and for binding to calmodulin-like domains". J Biochem. 113 (5): 591–9. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124088. PMID 8340353.

[pmid14685690-6] Averna M, De Tullio R, Capini P, Salamino F, Pontremoli S, Melloni E (Dec 2003). "Changes in calpastatin localization and expression during calpain activation: a new mechanism for the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis". Cell Mol Life Sci. 60 (12): 2669–78. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3288-0. PMID 14685690. S2CID 23794801.

[pmid15820218-7] Raynaud P, Jayat-Vignoles C, Laforet MP, Leveziel H, Amarger V (Apr 2005). "Four promoters direct expression of the calpastatin gene". Arch Biochem Biophys. 437 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.02.026. PMID 15820218.

[entrez-8] "Entrez Gene: CAST calpastatin".

[UniProt-9] "UniProt, P20810" (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2021.

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