DGLUCY

DGLUCY
Identifikatori
Aliasi	DGLUCY
Vanjski ID-jevi	MGI: 2444813 HomoloGene: 11798 GeneCards: DGLUCY
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 14 (čovjek)
Kraj	91,225,632 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 12 (miš)
Kraj	100,863,240 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • D-glutamate cyclase activity; • lyase activity; • molekularna funkcija;
Ćelijska komponenta	• mitohondrija; • mitochondrial matrix; • ćelijska komponenta;
Biološki proces	• glutamate metabolic process; • GO:0022610 biološki proces;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	80017
	217830
	ENSG00000133943
	ENSMUSG00000021185
	Q7Z3D6
	Q8BH86
NM_024952; NM_001102366; NM_001102367; NM_001102368; NM_001102369;
	NM_001286470; NM_001286471; NM_001286472; NM_001286473; NM_001358310; NM_001358311; NM_001358312
	NM_145448; NM_001361017; NM_001361020; NM_001361023
NP_001095836; NP_001095837; NP_001095838; NP_001095839; NP_001273399;
	NP_001273400; NP_001273401; NP_001273402; NP_079228; NP_001345239; NP_001345240; NP_001345241
	NP_663423; NP_001347946; NP_001347949; NP_001347952
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

D-glutamat ciklaza, skraćeno DGLUCY, je protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom DGLUCY.^[5]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 616 aminokiselina, a molekulska težina 66.437 Da.^[6].

Simboli

C: Cistein
D: Asparaginska kiselina
E: Glutaminska kiselina
F: Fenilalanin
G: Glicin
H: Histidin
I: Izoleucin
K: Lizin

L: Leucin
M: Metionin
N: Asparagin
P: Prolin
Q: Glutamin
R: Arginin
S: Serin
T: Treonin
V: Valin
W: Triptofan
Y: Tirozin

10	20	30	40	50
MPFTLHLRSR	LPSAIRSLIL	QKKPNIRNTS	SMAGELRPAS	LVVLPRSLAP
AFERFCQVNT	GPLPLLGQSE	PEKWMLPPQG	AISETRMGHP	QFWKYEFGAC
TGSLASLEQY	SEQLKDMVAF	FLGCSFSLEE	ALEKAGLPRR	DPAGHSQTTV
PCVTHAGFCC	PLVVTMRPIP	KDKLEGLVRA	CCSLGGEQGQ	PVHMGDPELL
GIKELSKPAY	GDAMVCPPGE	VPVFWPSPLT	SLGAVSSCET	PLAFASIPGC
TVMTDLKDAK	APPGCLTPER	IPEVHHISQD	PLHYSIASVS	ASQKIRELES
MIGIDPGNRG	IGHLLCKDEL	LKASLSLSHA	RSVLITTGFP	THFNHEPPEE
TDGPPGAVAL	VAFLQALEKE	VAIIVDQRAW	NLHQKIVEDA	VEQGVLKTQI
PILTYQGGSV	EAAQAFLCKN	GDPQTPRFDH	LVAIERAGRA	ADGNYYNARK
MNIKHLVDPI	DDLFLAAKKI	PGISSTGVGD	GGNELGMGKV	KEAVRRHIRH
GDVIACDVEA	DFAVIAGVSN	WGGYALACAL	YILYSCAVHS	QYLRKAVGPS
RAPGDQAWTQ	ALPSVIKEEK	MLGILVQHKV	RSGVSGIVGM	EVDGLPFHNT
HAEMIQKLVD	VTTAQV

Ortolozi

Ljudski gen, DGLUCY, visoko je konzerviran kod sisara i ptica.^[7] Ortolozi iz pretraživanja baza BLAST i BLAT otkrivaju da je ljudska DGLUCY iRNK sekvenca konzervirana sa identitetom sekvence od 98% u čimpanze, 88% u miševa, i 81% u kljunara i kokoši.^[8]^[9] Sljedeća tabela sadrži popis ortologa prikupljenih iz pretraživanja BLAST-a. Poravnavanje sekvence izvedeno je pomoću blastn za dobivanje identiteta sekvence, rezultata i E-vrijednosti između iRNK ljudske c14orf159 varijante 1 i njenih ortologa..

**Ljudski C14orf159 ortolozi-iRNK**
Rod i vrsta	Uobičajeno ime	Broj pristula u bazu NCBI	Dužina sekvence (bp)	Identitet sekvence	Rezultat
Homo sapiens	Čovjek	NM_001102366	3164	100%
Pan troglodytes	Čimpanze	XM_510121	2974	98%	4281
Mus musculus	Miš	NM_145448	3231	88%	495
Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Kljunar	XM_00154336.1	1962	81%	217
Gallus gallus	Kokoš	XM_421319	3389	81	50

Utvrđeno je da je protein koji kodira ljudski gen DGLUCY visoko konzerviran među sisarima, pticama, vodozemcima, ribama, tunikatama, cnidariama i ehinodermatama. Međutim, nisu pronađeni proteinski ortolozi u nematoda, arthropoda, [[gljiva]]ma, protistima, biljkama, bakterijama ili arhejama. Gljive i bakterije sadrže konzervirani domen DUF1445 koji se nalazi u ljudskom c14orf159 i njegovim ortolozima. Pretrage BLAST-a i BLAT korištene su za pronalaženje ortologa proteina c14orf159. Sljedeća tabela navodi ortologe proteina za ljudski protein s identitetom sekvence, sličnošću sekvence, rezultatima i E-vrijednostima izvedenim iz usporedbe blastp sekvenci.^[10]

**Ljudski C14orf159 proteinski ortolozi**
Rod i vrsta	Uobičajeno ime	Broj pristula u bazu NCBI	Dužina sekvence (bp)	Identitet sekvence	Rezultat	E-vrijednost
Homo sapiens	Čovjek	NP_001095839.1	564	100%	100%		0
Pan troglodytes	Čimpanza	XP_510121.2	724	557/621 (89%)	561/621 (90%)	1109	0
Ailuropoda melanoleuca	Panda	EFB15996.1	585	413/585 (70%)	461/585 (78%)	824	0
Rattus norvegicus	Rat	XP_343096.2	618	423/618 (68%)	470/618 (76%)	774	0
Mus musculus	Miš	NP_663423.2	617	414/623 (66%)	468/621 (75%)	796	0
Equus caballus	Konj	XP_001916913.1	581	390/585 (66%)	433/585 (74%)	728	6E-115
Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Kljunar	XP_001514386.1	653	358/628 (57%)	443/628 (70%)	696	0
Gallus gallus	Kokoš	XP_421319.2	617	330/614 (53%)	414/614 (67%)	630	0
Xenopus tropicalis	Zapadna kandžasta žaba	CAJ82045.1	616	302/611 (49%)	399/611 (65%)	582	1E-170
Danio rerio	Zebrafish	AAI244131.1	621	284/607 (46%)	386/607 (63%)	530	6E-155
Branchiostoma floridae	Lanceleta	XP_002612376.1	615	237/611 (38%)	334/611 (54%)	397	6E-115
Ciona intestinalis	Tunikata	XP_001173256	486	161/501 (32%)	241/501 (48%)	244	5E-69
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	Kalifornijski ljubičasti morski jež	XP_782739.1	631	9/33 (27%)	15/33 (45%)	320	5E-87
Nematostella vectensis	Starletna morska anemona	XP_001637867	529	134/501 (26%)	211/501 (42%)	120	1E-31

Posttranslacijska modifikacija

Proteinski proizvod gena DGLUCY predviđen je ^[5] i pronađen ^[11]^[12] translocitrani protein ciljanja u mitohondrijama.

Za protein DGLUCY predviđaju se i posttranslacijske modifikacije. Sve predviđene lokacije u ljudskom DGLUCY-u su upoređene sa ortolouzima, koristeći poravnavanje višestrukih sekvenci, kako bi se utvrdila vjerovatnoća modifikacije.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] ^[17]

Regulacija

Estrogeni receptor alfa, u prisustvu estradiola, veže se za gen DGLUCY i vjerovatno regulira njegovu ekspresiju.^[18]

Reference

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133943 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021185 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: C14orf159 chromosome 14 open reading frame 159".
^ "UniProt, Q7Z3D6". Pristupljeno 23. 7. 2021.
^ BLAST. NCBI. accessed 19 April 2010. http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
^ UCSC Genome Browser website, BLAT. accessed 10 April 2010.
^ BLAST. NCBI. accessed 19 April 2010.
^ Blastp. NCBI. http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
^ http://www.dkfz.de/LIFEdb/(2ij04255g3tubn45u1j3kl45)/Table.aspx^{[mrtav link]} | title = RZPD CloneID DKFZp686J0759 | vauthors = Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H | work = LifeDB: Database for Localization, Interaction, Functional assays and Expression of Proteins| publisher = German Cancer Research Center }}
^ Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A (oktobar 2004). "From ORFeome to Biology: A Functional Genomics Pipeline". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336.
^ Prediction of glycosylation across the human proteome and the correlation to protein function. Gupta, R. and S. Brunak. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 7:310-322, 2002 <http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/YinOYang/>.
^ Locating proteins in the cell using TargetP, SignalP, and related tools Olof Emanuelsson, Søren Brunak, Gunnar von Heijne, Henrik Nielsen Nature Protocols 2, 953-971 (2007) http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/.
^ Scanning the available Dictyostelium discoideum proteome for O-linked GlcNAc glycosylation sites using neural networks. R. Gupta, E. Jung, A.A. Gooley, K.L. Williams, S. Brunak and J. Hansen. Glycobiology: 9(10):1009-22, 1999 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/DictyOGlyc/.
^ Analysis and prediction of mammalian protein glycation. Morten Bo Johansen, Lars Kiemer and Søren Brunak Glycobiology, 16:844-853, 2006 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetGlycate/.
^ Sulfinator. Expasy tools. 2010. http://expasy.org/tools/sulfinator/.
^ Creekmore AL, Ziegler YS, Bonéy JL, Nardulli AM (mart 2007). "Estrogen receptor α regulates expression of the breast cancer 1 associated ring domain 1 (BARD1) gene through intronic DNA sequence". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 267 (1–2): 106–15. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2007.01.001. PMC 1933484. PMID 17275994.

Vasnjski linkovi

Lokacija ljudskog genoma C14orf159 i stranica sa detaljima o genu C14orf159 u UCSC Genome Browseru.

Dopunska literatura

Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins: Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Cheng J, Kapranov P, Drenkow J, et al. (2005). "Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution". Science. 308 (5725): 1149–54. Bibcode:2005Sci...308.1149C. doi:10.1126/science.1108625. PMID 15790807.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, et al. (2006). "The LIFEdb database in 2006". Nucleic Acids Res. 34 (Database issue): D415–8. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj139. PMC 1347501. PMID 16381901.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133943 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021185 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: C14orf159 chromosome 14 open reading frame 159".

[UniProt-6] "UniProt, Q7Z3D6". Pristupljeno 23. 7. 2021.

[7] BLAST. NCBI. accessed 19 April 2010. http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi

[8] UCSC Genome Browser website, BLAT. accessed 10 April 2010.

[9] BLAST. NCBI. accessed 19 April 2010.

[10] Blastp. NCBI. http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi

[11] ttp://www.dkfz.de/LIFEdb/(2ij04255g3tubn45u1j3kl45)/Table.aspx^{[mrtav link]} | title = RZPD CloneID DKFZp686J0759 | vauthors = Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H | work = LifeDB: Database for Localization, Interaction, Functional assays and Expression of Proteins| publisher = German Cancer Research Center }}

[pmid15489336-12] Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A (oktobar 2004). "From ORFeome to Biology: A Functional Genomics Pipeline". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336.

[13] Prediction of glycosylation across the human proteome and the correlation to protein function. Gupta, R. and S. Brunak. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 7:310-322, 2002 <http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/YinOYang/>.

[14] Locating proteins in the cell using TargetP, SignalP, and related tools Olof Emanuelsson, Søren Brunak, Gunnar von Heijne, Henrik Nielsen Nature Protocols 2, 953-971 (2007) http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/.

[15] Scanning the available Dictyostelium discoideum proteome for O-linked GlcNAc glycosylation sites using neural networks. R. Gupta, E. Jung, A.A. Gooley, K.L. Williams, S. Brunak and J. Hansen. Glycobiology: 9(10):1009-22, 1999 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/DictyOGlyc/.

[16] Analysis and prediction of mammalian protein glycation. Morten Bo Johansen, Lars Kiemer and Søren Brunak Glycobiology, 16:844-853, 2006 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetGlycate/.

[17] Sulfinator. Expasy tools. 2010. http://expasy.org/tools/sulfinator/.

[pmid17275994-18] Creekmore AL, Ziegler YS, Bonéy JL, Nardulli AM (mart 2007). "Estrogen receptor α regulates expression of the breast cancer 1 associated ring domain 1 (BARD1) gene through intronic DNA sequence". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 267 (1–2): 106–15. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2007.01.001. PMC 1933484. PMID 17275994.

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