SPATA2

SPATA2
Identifikatori
Aliasi	SPATA2
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 607662 MGI: 2146885 HomoloGene: 4407 GeneCards: SPATA2
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 20 (čovjek)
Kraj	49,915,529 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 2 (miš)
Kraj	167,334,807 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	; ;
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • molekularna funkcija;
Ćelijska komponenta	• citoplazma; • jedro; • fibrillar center;
Biološki proces	• multicellular organism development; • Ćelijska diferencijacija; • Spermatogeneza; • regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; • regulation of inflammatory response; • regulation of necroptotic process; • protein K63-linked deubiquitination; • protein linear deubiquitination; • GO:0010703, GO:0010702 programirana ćelijska smrt;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	9825
	263876
	ENSG00000158480
	ENSMUSG00000047030
	Q9UM82
	Q8K004
	NM_001135773; NM_006038
	NM_170756; NM_001356523
	NP_001129245; NP_006029
	NP_001343452; NP_739562
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Spermatogenezi-pridruženi protein 2 jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom SPATA2.^[5]

Kloniranje i ekspresija

Sekvenciranjem klonova dobijenih iz frakcionirane biblioteke cDNK mozga, Nagase et al. (1998) klonirali su SPATA2, koji su označili KIAA0757. Izvedeni protein sadrži 520 aminokiselina. RT-PCR ELISA otkrila je nisku do umjerenu ekspresiju u svim testiranim tkivima, uključujući testise. Graziotto et al. (1999) izolirali su fragment SPATA2, koji su označili kao PD1, i pojačali su cDNK pune dužine, pomoću 5-obazne RACE biblioteke cDNK testisa. Izvedeni protein s 520 aminokiselina ima izračunatu molekulsku masu od 58,4 kD i dijeli oko 33% identiteta sa RBM, proteinom koji veže RNK i koji je uključen u spermatogenezu. SPATA2 je visoko hidrofilni. Nema signalni peptid, bogat je serinom i sadrži 17 ostataka cisteina koji se pretežno nalaze u C-terminalnom domenu. SPATA2 također ima nekoliko potencijalnih mjesta fosforilacije, ali nema mjesta N-glikozilacije.

Northern blot analizom otkriven je obilni prijepis od 2,7 kb i rjeđa trankripcija od 4,0 kb, s najvećom ekspresijom u testisima. Slabija ekspresija otkrivena je u slezeni, zatim timusu i prostati. SPATA2 normalno nije otkriven u leukocitima maternice, tankog i debelog crijeva ili periferne krvi. Western blot analizom ekstrakata ćelija testisa, otkriven je protein s prividnom molekulskm masom od 60 kD, kao i manje obilan protein od 46 do 48 kD. Ekspresija oba proteina, posebno manjeg , smanjena je u nekoliko testikulopatija. Imunohistohemijska analiza otkrila je SPATA2 u citoplazmi Sertolijevih ćelija. SPATA2 nije otkriven u spermatogenim ćelijama i Leydigovim ćelijama, a jedra su bila negativna u svim tipovima ćelija.^[6]^[7]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca

Simboli

C: Cistein
D: Asparaginska kiselina
E: Glutaminska kiselina
F: Fenilalanin
G: Glicin
H: Histidin
I: Izoleucin
K: Lizin
L: Leucin
M: Metionin
N: Asparagin
P: Prolin
Q: Glutamin
R: Arginin
S: Serin
T: Treonin
V: Valin
W: Triptofan
Y: Tirozin

10	20	30	40	50
MGKPSSMDTK	FKDDLFRKYV	QFHESKVDTT	TSRQRPGSDE	CLRVAASTLL
SLHKVDPFYR	FRLIQFYEVV	ESSLRSLSSS	SLRALHGAFS	MLETVGINLF
LYPWKKEFRS	IKTYTGPFVY	YVKSTLLEED	IRAILSCMGY	TPELGTAYKL
RELVETLQVK	MVSFELFLAK	VECEQMLEIH	SQVKDKGYSE	LDIVSERKSS
AEDVRGCSDA	LRRRAEGREH	LTASMSRVAL	QKSASERAAK	DYYKPRVTKP
SRSVDAYDSY	WESRKPPLKA	SLSLRKEPVA	TDVGDDLKDE	IIRPSPSLLT
MASSPHGSPD	VLPPASPSNG	PALLRGTYFS	TQDDVDLYTD	SEPRATYRRQ
DALRPDVWLL	RNDAHSLYHK	RSPPAKESAL	SKCQSCGLSC	SSSLCQRCDS
LLTCPPASKP	SAFPSKASTH	DSLAHGASLR	EKYPGQTQGL	DRLPHLHSKS
KPSTTPTSRC	GFCNRPGATN	TCTQCSKVSC	DACLSAYHYD	PCYKKSELHK
FMPNNQLNYK	STQLSHLVYR

Reference

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000158480 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047030 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: SPATA2 spermatogenesis associated 2".
^ Graziotto, R., Foresta, C., Scannapieco, P., Zeilante, P., Russo, A., Negro, A., Salmaso, R., Onisto, M. cDNA cloning and characterization of PD1: a novel human testicular protein with different expressions in various testiculopathies. Exp. Res. Commun. 248: 620-626, 1999.
^ Nagase, T., Ishikawa, K., Suyama, M., Kikuno, R., Miyajima, N., Tanaka, A., Kotani, H., Nomura, N., Ohara, O. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 5: 277-286, 1998. [PubMed]: 9872452

Dopunska literatura

Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, et al. (1999). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 5 (5): 277–86. doi:10.1093/dnares/5.5.277. PMID 9872452.
Graziotto R, Foresta C, Scannapieco P, et al. (1999). "cDNA cloning and characterization of PD1: a novel human testicular protein with different expressions in various testiculopathies". Exp. Cell Res. 248 (2): 620–6. doi:10.1006/excr.1999.4449. PMID 10222154.
Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature. 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Liliana Slongo M, Zotti L, Onisto M (2003). "Cloning and characterization of the promoter region of human spata2 (spermatogenesis-associated protein 2) gene". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1625 (2): 192–6. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00594-8. PMID 12531478.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000158480 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047030 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: SPATA2 spermatogenesis associated 2".

[6] Graziotto, R., Foresta, C., Scannapieco, P., Zeilante, P., Russo, A., Negro, A., Salmaso, R., Onisto, M. cDNA cloning and characterization of PD1: a novel human testicular protein with different expressions in various testiculopathies. Exp. Res. Commun. 248: 620-626, 1999.

[7] Nagase, T., Ishikawa, K., Suyama, M., Kikuno, R., Miyajima, N., Tanaka, A., Kotani, H., Nomura, N., Ohara, O. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 5: 277-286, 1998. [PubMed]: 9872452

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