Wikipedia

Planulozoa

Planulozoa je predloženi bazni kladus ParaHoxozoa, ponekaad kao sestrinska grupa Placozoa, ali izvorno uključena u Placozoa.[1][2] U ovom drugom slučaju Planulozoa može biti viši sinonim za Parahoxozoa. Sadrži Cnidaria (morske krinove i meduze) i Bilateria (sve složenije životinje, uključujući pljosnate crve, insekte i kičmenjake). Placozoa je možda sestrinska grupa Cnidaria[3][4][5][6] ili – konvencionalnije – Planulozoa.[7]

Planulozoa
(Bazni kladus ParaHoxozoa)
Diverzitet planulozoa
Diverzitet planulozoa
Sistematika
CarstvoAnimalia
PotcarstvoEumetazoa

Bilateria/Triploblasts (nerangirano)

Ova grana isključuje bazne životinje kao što su Ctenophora,[2][8][9] i Porifera (spužve).[10][11][12]

Filogenetsko stablo upućuje na otprilike koliko miliona godina, od kada su se njihove loze podelile. Ovdje se prikazuju Planulozoa.[13][14][15] Planulozoa su vezane za pojavu gena domena Zoc i ZF-NC.[16]

Choanozoa
 

Choanoflagellata

 
Animalia
 

Porifera

 
Eumetazoa
 

Ctenophora

 
ParaHoxozoa
 

Placozoa

 
Planulozoa
 

Cnidaria

 
Bilateria
 

Xenacoelomorpha

 
Nephrozoa
Deuterostomia
 

Chordata and allies

 
 

Echinodermata

 
 
Protostomia
 

Ecdysozoa

 
 

Spiralia

 
610 miliona godina
650 miliona godina
Triploblasts
680 miliona godina
 
 
760 miliona godina
950 miliona godina

Reference

uredi
  1. ^ Edgecombe, G. D.; Giribet, G. (15. 1. 2019), “Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution”: A decade later (jezik: engleski), University of Padova Press, ISBN 9788869381409, pristupljeno 17. 7. 2019
  2. ^ a b Andreas Wallberg; Mikael Thollesson; James S. Farris; Ulf Jondelius (2004). "The phylogenetic position of the comb jellies (Ctenophora) and the importance of taxonomic sampling". Cladistics. 20 (6): 558–578. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00041.x.
  3. ^ Aleshin VV, Petrov NB (2002) Molecular evidence of regression in evolution of metazoa. Zh Obshch Biol 63(3):195-208
  4. ^ Laumer, Christopher E; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G; Pearse, Vicki B; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C; Giribet, Gonzalo (30. 10. 2018). "Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias". eLife (jezik: engleski). 7. doi:10.7554/elife.36278. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6277202. PMID 30373720.
  5. ^ Schuchert, Peter (1. 3. 1993). "Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) has Cells that React with Antibodies Against the Neuropeptide RFamide". Acta Zoologica. 74 (2): 115–117. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01227.x.
  6. ^ Syed, Tareq; Schierwater, Bernd (1. 6. 2002). "The evolution of the placozoa: A new morphological model". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 82 (1): 315–324. doi:10.1007/bf03043791. ISSN 0037-2110.
  7. ^ Eitel, Michael; Francis, Warren; Osigus, Hans-Jürgen; Krebs, Stefan; Vargas, Sergio; Blum, Helmut; Williams, Gray Argust; Schierwater, Bernd; Wörheide, Gert (13. 10. 2017). "A taxogenomics approach uncovers a new genus in the phylum Placozoa". bioRxiv: 202119. doi:10.1101/202119.
  8. ^ Andreas Hejnol; Mark Q. Martindale (2008). "Acoel development supports a simple planula-like urbilaterian". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1496): 1493–1501. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2239. PMC 2614228. PMID 18192185. Nepoznati parametar |lastauthoramp= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |name-list-style=) (pomoć)
  9. ^ Jaume Baguñà; Pere Martinez; Jordi Paps; Marta Riutort (2008). "Back in time: a new systematic proposal for the Bilateria". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 363 (1496): 1481–1491. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2238. PMC 2615819. PMID 18192186.
  10. ^ Whelan, Nathan V.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Moroz, Tatiana P.; Mukherjee, Krishanu; Williams, Peter; Paulay, Gustav; Moroz, Leonid L.; Halanych, Kenneth M. (9. 10. 2017). "Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (11): 1737–1746. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 5664179. PMID 28993654.
  11. ^ C. Borchiellini; M. Manuel; E. Alivon; N. Boury-Esnault; J. Vacelet; Y. Le Parco (2001). "Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 171–179. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00244.x. PMID 29280585.
  12. ^ Pisani, Davide; Pett, Walker; Dohrmann, Martin; Feuda, Roberto; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Philippe, Hervé; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert (1. 12. 2015). "Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (50): 15402–15407. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215402P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518127112. PMC 4687580. PMID 26621703.
  13. ^ Peterson, Kevin J.; Cotton, James A.; Gehling, James G.; Pisani, Davide (27. 4. 2008). "The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1435–1443. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233. PMC 2614224. PMID 18192191.
  14. ^ Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. (16. 8. 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (33): 13624–13629. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10813624P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110633108. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989.
  15. ^ "Raising the Standard in Fossil Calibration". Fossil Calibration Database. Pristupljeno 3. 3. 2018.
  16. ^ Layden, Michael J. (2018), "Cnidarian Zic Genes", Zic family, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (jezik: engleski), 1046, Springer, Singapore, str. 27–39, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_2, ISBN 9789811073106, PMID 29442315

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