Wikipedia

Copleyjeva medalja

nagrada Kraljevskog društva
(Preusmjereno sa Copleyeva medalja)

Copleyjeva medalja naučna je nagrada za izuzetna dostignuća u bilo kojoj nauci te najstarija i najuglednija nagrada koju dodjeljuje Kraljevsko društvo iz Londona.

Copleyjeva medalja
Copleyjeva medalja dodijeljena
Josephu Listeru 1902.
Dodjeljuje se zaIzvanredno istraživanje u bilo kojoj nauci
Sponzor(i)Kraljevsko društvo
Država Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
Prvi put dodijeljena1731.
Najviše nagradaJohn Theophilus Desaguliers (3)
Službeni veb-sajtroyalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/

John Canton, Michael Faraday, Stephen Gray i John Frederick William Herschel dobili su je dvaput, a John Theophilus Desaguliers triput.

Medalja je danas od pozlaćenog srebra, a uz nju se dobija i novčana nagrada u iznosu 25.000 funti.[1] Jedina žena koja ju je dosad dobila bila je Dorothy Hodgkin 1976.

Spisak dobitnika

uredi
Godina Slika Dobitnik Obrazloženje Referenca
1731. Stephen Gray [2]
1732.
1733. Nije dodijeljena
1734.   John Theophilus Desaguliers [3]
1735. Nije dodijeljena
1736.   John Theophilus Desaguliers [3]
1737.   John Belchier [4]
1738. James Valoue
1739.   Stephen Hales [5]
1740. Alexander Stuart [6]
1741.   John Theophilus Desaguliers [3]
1742. Christopher Middleton [7]
1743.   Abraham Trembley
1744.   Henry Baker [8]
1745.   William Watson [9]
1746. Benjamin Robins [10]
1747.   Gowin Knight [11]
1748.   James Bradley [12]
1749.   John Harrison [13]
1750.   George Edwards [14]
1751.   John Canton [15]
1752.   John Pringle [16]
1753.   Benjamin Franklin [17]
1754. William Lewis [18]
1755.   John Huxham [19]
1756. Nije dodijeljena
1757. Charles Cavendish [11]
1758.   John Dollond [20]
1759.   John Smeaton [21]
1760.   Benjamin Wilson [22]
1761. Nije dodijeljena
1762.
1763.
1764.   John Canton [15]
1765. Nije dodijeljena
1766.   William Brownrigg [23]
Edward Delaval
Henry Cavendish
1767. John Ellis [24]
1768. Peter Woulfe [25]
1769.   William Hewson
1770.   William Hamilton [26]
1771. Matthew Raper [27]
1772.   Joseph Priestley
1773. John Walsh [28]
1774. Nije dodijeljena
1775.   Nevil Maskelyne [29]
1776.   James Cook [30]
1777.   John Mudge
1778.   Charles Hutton [31]
1779. Nije dodijeljena
1780.   Samuel Vince [32]
1781.   William Herschel [33]
1782.   Richard Kirwan [32]
1783.   John Goodricke [32]
Thomas Hutchins
1784.   Edward Waring [34]
1785. William Roy [35]
1786. Nije dodijeljena
1787.   John Hunter [36]
1788.   Charles Blagden [37]
1789.   William Morgan [38]
1790. Nije dodijeljena
1791.   James Rennell [39]
  Jean-André Deluc
1792.   Benjamin Thompson [40]
1793. Nije dodijeljena
1794.   Alessandro Volta [39]
1795.   Jesse Ramsden [41]
1796. George Atwood [42]
1797. Nije dodijeljena
1798.   George Shuckburgh [43]
  Evelyn Charles Hatchett
1799.   John Hellins [44]
1800. Edward Howard [45]
1801.   Astley Paston Cooper [46]
1802.   William Hyde Wollaston [47]
1803.   Richard Chenevix [48]
1804. Smithson Tennant [49]
1805.   Humphry Davy [50]
1806.   Thomas Andrew Knight [51]
1807.   Everard Home
1808.   William Henry
1809.   Edward Troughton [52]
1810. Nije dodijeljena
1811.   Benjamin Collins Brodie [53]
1812. Nije dodijeljena
1813.   William Thomas Brande
1814. James Ivory [54]
1815.   David Brewster [55]
1816. Nije dodijeljena
1817.   Henry Kater [56]
1818.   Robert Seppings
1819. Nije dodijeljena
1820.   Hans Christian Ørsted [57]
1821. Edward Sabine [58]
  John Frederick William Herschel
1822.   William Buckland [59]
1823. John Pond
1824. John Brinkley [60]
1825.   François Jean Dominique Arago [61]
  Peter Barlow
1826. James South [62]
1827.   William Prout [63]
Henry Foster
1828. Nije dodijeljena
1829.
1830.
1831.   George Biddell Airy [64]
1832.   Michael Faraday [65]
  Siméon-Denis Poisson
1833. Nije dodijeljena
1834.   Giovanni Plana [66]
1835. William Snow Harris [50]
1836.   Jacob Berzelius
Francis Kiernan
1837.   Antoine César Becquerel [67]
  John Frederic Daniell
1838.   Carl Friedrich Gauß [68]
  Michael Faraday
1839.   Robert Brown [69]
1840.   Justus von Liebig [70][71]
  Jacques Charles-François Sturm
1841.   Georg Simon Ohm [72]
1842.   James MacCullagh [73]
1843.   Jean Baptiste Dumas
1844.   Carlo Matteucci [74]
1845.   Theodor Schwann
1846.   Urbain-Jean Joseph Le Verrier [75]
1847.   John Frederick William Herschel [58]
1848.   John Couch Adams [76]
1849.   Roderick Murchison
1850.   Peter Andreas Hansen [50]
1851.   Richard Owen [77]
1852.   Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt [78]
1853.   Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
1854.   Johannes Peter Müller [79]
1855.   Jean Bernard Léon Foucault [50]
1856.   Henry Milne-Edwards
1857.   Michel-Eugène Chevreul [50]
1858.   Charles Lyell [50]
1859.   Wilhelm Eduard Weber [80]
1860.   Robert Wilhelm Bunsen [50]
1861.   Louis Agassiz [50]
1862.   Thomas Graham [81]
1863.   Adam Sedgwick [82]
1864.   Charles Darwin [50]
1865.   Michael Chasles [83]
1866.   Julius Plücker [84]
1867.   Karl Ernst von Baer [50]
1868.   Charles Wheatstone [50]
1869.   Henri Victor Regnault [50]
1870.   James Prescott Joule [50]
1871.   Julius Robert von Mayer [50]
1872.   Friedrich Wöhler [50]
1873.   Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz [85]
1874.   Louis Pasteur [50]
1875.   August Wilhelm Hofmann [86]
1876.   Claude Bernard [50]
1877.   James Dwight Dana [50]
1878.   Jean Baptiste Boussingault [87]
1879.   Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius [88]
1880.   James Joseph Sylvester [89]
1881.   Karl Adolph Wurtz
1882.   Arthur Cayley [90]
1883.   Lord Kelvin [91]
1884.   Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig
1885.   Friedrich August Kekulé [50]
1886.   Franz Ernst Neumann [92]
1887.   Joseph Dalton Hooker [50]
1888.   Thomas Henry Huxley [50]
1889.   George Salmon [93]
1890.   Simon Newcomb [94]
1891.   Stanislao Cannizzaro [50]
1892.   Rudolf Virchow [50]
1893.   George Gabriel Stokes [95]
1894.   Edward Frankland [96]
1895.   Karl Weierstrass [97]
1896.   Karl Gegenbaur
1897.   Albert von Kolliker
1898.   William Huggins [50]
1899.   Lord Rayleigh [98]
1900.   Marcellin Pierre Eugène Berthelot [50]
1901.   Josiah Willard Gibbs [99]
1902.   Joseph Lister [100]
1903.   Eduard Suess [100]
1904.   William Crookes [100]
1905.   Dmitrij Mendeljejev [100]
1906.   Ilja Iljič Mečnjikov [100]
1907.   Albert Abraham Michelson [100]
1908.   Alfred Russel Wallace [100]
1909.   George William Hill [100]
1910.   Francis Galton [100]
1911.   George Howard Darwin [100]
1912.   Felix Christian Klein [101]
1913.   Ray Lankester [102]
1914.   Joseph John Thomson [100]
1915.   Ivan Petrovič Pavlov [100]
1916.   James Dewar [100]
1917.   Emil Roux [103]
1918.   Hendrik Antoon Lorentz [100]
1919. William Bayliss [100]
1920.   Horace Brown [104]
1921.   Joseph Larmor [105]
1922.   Ernest Rutherford [100]
1923.   Horace Lamb [106]
1924.   Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
1925.   Albert Einstein [100]
1926.   Frederick Gowland Hopkins [107]
1927.   Charles Scott Sherrington [108]
1928.   Charles Algernon Parsons
1929.   Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck [109]
1930.   William Henry Bragg [110]
1931.   Arthur Schuster [111]
1932.   George Ellery Hale [112]
1933.   Theobald Smith [113]
1934.   John Scott Haldane [114]
1935.   Charles Thomson Rees Wilson [115]
1936.   Arthur Evans [116]
1937.   Henry Hallett Dale [117]
1938.   Niels Henrik David Bohr [118]
1939.   Thomas Hunt Morgan [119]
1940.   Paul Langevin [120]
1941.   Thomas Lewis [121]
1942.   Robert Robinson [122]
1943.   Joseph Barcroft [123]
1944. Geoffrey Ingram Taylor [124]
1945.   Oswald Theodore Avery [125]
1946.   Edgar Douglas Adrian [126]
1947.   Godfrey Harold Hardy [127]
1948.   Archibald Vivian Hill [128]
1949.   George Charles De Hevesy [129]
1950.   James Chadwick [130]
1951.   David Keilin [131]
1952.   Paul Dirac [132]
1953.   Albert Kluyver
1954.   Edmund Whittaker [133]
1955.   Ronald Aylmer Fisher [134]
1956.   Patrick Blackett
1957.   Howard Walter Florey [135]
1958.   John Edensor Littlewood [136]
1959.   Frank Macfarlane Burnet [137]
1960. Harold Jeffreys [138]
1961.   Hans Krebs [139]
1962.   Cyril Hinshelwood [140]
1963.   Paul Fildes
1964.   Sydney Chapman [141]
1965.   Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
1966.   Lawrence Bragg [100]
1967.   Bernard Katz
1968.   Tadeus Reichstein
1969.   Peter Medawar [100]
1970.   Alexander Todd [100]
1971. Norman Pirie
1972. Nevill Mott [100]
1973.   Andrew Huxley
1974. William Vallance Douglas Hodge [142]
1975.   Francis Crick [100]
1976. Dorothy Hodgkin [100]
1977.   Frederick Sanger [100]
1978. Robert Burns Woodward [100]
1979.   Max Perutz [100]
1980. Derek Harold Richard Barton [100]
1981. Peter Mitchell [100]
1982.   John Cornforth [143]
1983.   Rodney Porter
1984.   Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar [144]
1985.   Aaron Klug
1986.   Rudolf Ernst Peierls
1987. Robert Hill
1988.   Michael Francis Atiyah [145]
1989.   César Milstein
1990.   Abdus Salam [146]
1991.   Sydney Brenner
1992.   George Porter [147]
1993.   James Dewey Watson [148]
1994. Charles Frank
1995. Frank John Fenner
1996. Alan Cottrell [149]
1997. Hugh Esmor Huxley
1998. Michael James Lighthill [150]
1999.   John Maynard Smith [151]
2000.   Alan Rushton Battersby
2001. Jacques Miller
2002.   John Pople [152]
2003.   John Gurdon
2004.   Harry Kroto [153]
2005.   Paul Nurse
2006.   Stephen Hawking [30]
2007.   Robert May
2008.   Roger Penrose
2009.   Martin Evans
2010.   David Cox [154]
  Tomas Lindahl
2011. Dan McKenzie [154]
2012.   John E. Walker [155]
2013.   Andre Geim
2014.   Alec Jeffreys [156]
2015.   Peter Higgs [157]
2016.   Richard Henderson [158]
2017.   Andrew Wiles [159]
2018. Jeffrey I. Gordon [160]
2019.   John Goodenough [161]
2020.   Alan Fersht [162]
2021.   Jocelyn Bell Burnell [163]
2022.   Tim za vakcinu Oxford–AstraZeneca protiv COVID-a 19 [164]
2023.   Martin Rees [165]
2024.   Gregory Paul Winter [166]

Reference

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  35. ^ "William Roy". Electric Scotland. Arhivirano s originala, 12. 11. 2013. Pristupljeno 29. 1. 2009.
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  70. ^ Brock, William H. (2002). Justus Von Liebig: The Chemical Gatekeeper. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521524735. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  71. ^ "Sturm summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 2. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  72. ^ "Ohm biography". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 11. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  73. ^ "MacCullagh summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 27. 10. 2012. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  74. ^ Morselli, Mario (1984). Amedeo Avogadro, a Scientific Biography. Springer. ISBN 978-90-277-1624-8. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  75. ^ "Le Verrier biography". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 24. 10. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  76. ^ "Adams summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 12. 11. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  77. ^ Own, Richard: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Wiley InterScience. 2005. doi:10.1002/047001590X. ISBN 978-0-470-01617-6. Arhivirano s originala, 30. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  78. ^ "Humboldt – Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander – von – 1769–1859 – Baron – German naturalist, geologist and explorer". University of Edinburgh. Arhivirano s originala, 23. 2. 2008. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  79. ^ "BjS: Academic Lineage". Yale University. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 3. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  80. ^ "Weber summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  81. ^ "Darwin and the Copley Medal" (PDF). American Philosophical Society. Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 16. 12. 2005. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  82. ^ "Adam Sedgwick Collection". American Philosophical Society. Arhivirano s originala, 12. 5. 2008. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  83. ^ "Chasles summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 9. 8. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  84. ^ "Plucker summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  85. ^ "Helmholtz summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 25. 2. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  86. ^ Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science. Journal of Industrial Science. 1776. str. 13. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009. August Wilhelm Hofmann copley medal.
  87. ^ "Jean Baptiste Boussingault" (PDF). Journal of Nutrition. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 18. 10. 2015. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  88. ^ "Clausius summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 6. 10. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  89. ^ "Sylvester summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 7. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  90. ^ "Cayley summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 7. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  91. ^ "Thompson summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  92. ^ "Neumann_Franz summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 8. 2012. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  93. ^ "Salmon summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  94. ^ "Newcomb summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 19. 4. 1998. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  95. ^ "Stokes summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 10. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  96. ^ "Sir Edward Frankland, English chemist, c 1863–1883". Science and Society Picture Library. Arhivirano s originala, 19. 7. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  97. ^ "Weierstrass summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 7. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  98. ^ "Rayleigh summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 12. 11. 2013. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2009.
  99. ^ "Gibbs summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 30. 10. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  100. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Oxford DNB theme: Holders of the Copley Medal". Oxford University Press. 2004. Arhivirano s originala, 23. 10. 2012. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  101. ^ "Klein summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  102. ^ "Obituary: Edwin Ray Lankester" (PDF). National Marine Biological Laboratory. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 12. 7. 2012. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  103. ^ "Notes and Records of the Royal Society". Royal Society Publishing. Arhivirano s originala, 26. 4. 2020. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  104. ^ "Obituary notice: Horace Tabberer Brown" (PDF). Biochemical Journal. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 18. 10. 2015. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  105. ^ "Larmour summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 7. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  106. ^ "Lamb summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 3. 12. 1998. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  107. ^ "Oxford DNB article: Hopkins, Sir Frederick (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33977. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  108. ^ "Sir Charles Sherrington – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Arhivirano s originala, 31. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  109. ^ "Planck summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 9. 7. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  110. ^ "William Bragg – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  111. ^ Hale, George E. (1935). "Sir Arthur Schuster". The Astrophysical Journal. 81: 97. Bibcode:1935ApJ....81...97H. doi:10.1086/143618.
  112. ^ "George Ellery Hale: Acknowledgements". Franklin Institute. Arhivirano s originala, 30. 12. 2008. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  113. ^ "Award of the Copley Medal of the Royal Society to Professor Theobald Smith". Science. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. 78 (2035): 598. 1933. Bibcode:1933Sci....78R.598.. doi:10.1126/science.78.2035.598.
  114. ^ "Oxford DNB article: Haldane, John Scott (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33642. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  115. ^ "C.T.R.Wilson – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 9. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  116. ^ "Sir Arthur Evans, F.R.S: Abstract". Nature. 148 (3741): 46. 1941. Bibcode:1941Natur.148Q..46.. doi:10.1038/148046a0.
  117. ^ "Sir Henry Dale – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 9. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  118. ^ "Bohr_Niels summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 17. 7. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  119. ^ "Thomas H. Morgan – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Arhivirano s originala, 18. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  120. ^ "Medal Awards of the Royal Society". Nature. 146 (3710): 750–752. 1940. Bibcode:1940Natur.146..750.. doi:10.1038/146750a0.
  121. ^ "Thomas Lewis". Cardiology Journal. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.[mrtav link]
  122. ^ "Sir Robert Robinson – Biography". nobelprize.org. Arhivirano s originala, 27. 9. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  123. ^ Dunn, P. M. (2000). "Sir Joseph Barcroft of Cambridge". Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 82 (1): F75-6. doi:10.1136/fn.82.1.f75. PMC 1721043. PMID 10634847. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 9. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  124. ^ "Taylor_Geoffrey summay". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  125. ^ "The Oswald T. Avery Collection: Biographical Information". United States National Library of Medicine. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 9. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  126. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Adrian, Edgar Douglas (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30753. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  127. ^ "Hardy summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 19. 4. 1998. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  128. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Hill, Archibald Vivian (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31230. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  129. ^ "Royal Society: Anniversary Address By Sir Robert Robinson, O.M., F.R.S". Nature. 164 (4181): 1023–1030. 1949. Bibcode:1949Natur.164.1023.. doi:10.1038/1641023a0.
  130. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Chadwick, James (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30912. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  131. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Keilin, David (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34256. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  132. ^ Kragh, H. (2004). "Oxford DNB article:Dirac, Paul(subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31032. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  133. ^ "Whittaker summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  134. ^ "Fisher summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 2. 11. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  135. ^ MacFarlane, R. G. (2004). "Oxford DNB article:Florey, Howard (subscription needed)". u Abraham, E. P. (ured.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33182. Arhivirano s originala, 18. 10. 2015. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  136. ^ "Littlewood summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 19. 4. 1998. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  137. ^ "Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet – Biography". nobelprize.org. Arhivirano s originala, 14. 9. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  138. ^ "Jeffreys summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  139. ^ "Sir Hans Adolf Krebs". nobel-winners.com. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 2. 2012. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  140. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32367. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  141. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Chapman, Sydney (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33888. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  142. ^ "Hodge summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 30. 12. 2012. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  143. ^ "Emeritus Professor Sir John Cornforth – Alumni & Friends". University of Sydney. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 9. 2007. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  144. ^ "Chandrasekhar biography". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 4. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  145. ^ "Atiyah biography". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 4. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  146. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Salam, Abdus (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/64072. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  147. ^ "Oxford DNB article:Porter, George (subscription needed)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/77183. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  148. ^ "Copley Medal". Royal Society website. The Royal Society. Arhivirano s originala, 25. 12. 2018. Pristupljeno 19. 4. 2013.
  149. ^ "MRS Website: Award Presentations". Materials Research Society. Arhivirano s originala, 23. 5. 2020. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  150. ^ "Lighthill summary". University of St Andrews. Arhivirano s originala, 13. 11. 2013. Pristupljeno 5. 2. 2009.
  151. ^ "John Maynard Smith January 6, 1920 – April 19, 2004". Genetics. Arhivirano s originala, 7. 10. 2008. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  152. ^ "Obituary: John A. Pople". The Observer. Arhivirano s originala, 27. 9. 2012. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  153. ^ "FSU highlights". Florida State University. Arhivirano s originala, 26. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2009.
  154. ^ a b Two medals were awarded to celebrate the Society's 350th anniversary: "Recent award winners 2010". The Royal Society. Arhivirano s originala, 15. 6. 2013. Pristupljeno 6. 10. 2010.
  155. ^ "John Walker". The Royal Society. Arhivirano s originala, 17. 11. 2015. Pristupljeno 6. 9. 2012.
  156. ^ "Leicester University Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys wins science's oldest prize". Leicester Mercury. 5. 8. 2014. Arhivirano s originala, 16. 5. 2015. Pristupljeno 5. 8. 2014.
  157. ^ "Copley Medal 2015". Arhivirano s originala, 28. 7. 2020. Pristupljeno 23. 5. 2018.
  158. ^ "Copley Medal 2016". Arhivirano s originala, 27. 10. 2017. Pristupljeno 23. 5. 2018.
  159. ^ "Andrew Wiles". The Royal Society. Arhivirano s originala, 17. 11. 2015. Pristupljeno 20. 4. 2018.
  160. ^ "Copley Medal 2018". Arhivirano s originala, 6. 9. 2015. Pristupljeno 24. 5. 2016.
  161. ^ "Copley Medal 2019". Arhivirano s originala, 6. 9. 2015. Pristupljeno 24. 5. 2016.
  162. ^ "Medals and awards winners 2020". Arhivirano s originala, 4. 8. 2020. Pristupljeno 9. 8. 2020.
  163. ^ "Medal and award winners 2021". Arhivirano s originala, 28. 10. 2021. Pristupljeno 24. 8. 2021.
  164. ^ "The Royal Society announces this year's medal and award winners". Arhivirano s originala, 24. 8. 2022. Pristupljeno 26. 8. 2022.
  165. ^ "Medal winner 2023". Arhivirano s originala, 6. 9. 2015. Pristupljeno 24. 5. 2016.
  166. ^ Copley Medal 2024

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