Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh (/ˈpɪtsbɜːrɡ/; fonol.: Pitsburg) je grad u Commonwealthu Pennsylvania u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, te sjedište okruga Allegheny. Broj stanovništva je 2017. godine iznosio 305.704, što grad čini 63. najvećim gradom u SAD-u.[2] Metropolitenska populacija, 2.353.045, najveća je i u dolini rijeke Ohio i u Apalačiji a druga najveća u Pennsylvaniji (poslije Philadelphije), te 26. najveća u SAD-u.
| Pittsburgh | |||
| Grad | |||
 U smjeru kazaljke na satu, odozgo: Horizont Pittsburgha; Univerzitet Carnegie Mellon; Park PNC; Žičara Duquesne; Katedrala učenja na Univerzitetu Pittsburgh
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| Službeni naziv: City of Pittsburgh | |||
| Nadimak: Grad Mostova, Čelični Grad, Grad Šampiona, The 'Burgh | |||
| Država |  Sjedinjene Američke Države
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|---|---|---|---|
| Savezna država | Pennsylvania | ||
| Koordinate | 40°26′23″N 79°58′35″W / 40.43972°N 79.97639°W | ||
| Površina | |||
| - Zemlje | 143,4 km2 | ||
| - Voda | 7,69 | ||
| - Grad | 151,12 km2 | ||
| - Metro | 13 840 km2 | ||
| Stanovništvo | (2010[1]) | ||
| - Urbana zona | 1.733.853 | ||
| - Metro | 2.360.867 | ||
| - Grad | 305.704 (2010[1]) | ||
| - CSA | 2.659.937 | ||
| Gustoća | |||
| - Metro | 170,6 /km2 | ||
| - Grad | 2.022,9 /km2 | ||
| Vlada | |||
| - Vrsta | Mayor-Council | ||
| - Tijelo | Pittsburgh Council | ||
| Gradonačelnik | Bill Peduto (D) | ||
| Vremenska zona | EST (UTC−5) | ||
| - ljeto | EDT (UTC−4) | ||
| Poštanski broj | 15106, 15120–15121, 15201, 15203–15208, 15210–15222, 15224, 15226–15227, 15230, 15232–15235, 15237, 15239, 15289 | ||
| Pozivni broj | 412, 724, 878 | ||
| FIPS kod | 42-61000 | ||
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| Veb-sajt: www.pittsburghpa.gov | |||
Smješten na ušću rijeka Allegheny, Monongahela i Ohio, Pittsburgh je poznat i kao ”Čelični Grad” (engleski: the Steel City) zbog više od 300 objekata povezanih s proizvodnjom čelika, te kao ”Grad Mostova” (engleski: City of Bridges) zbog toga što ima 446 mostova.[3] U gradu se nalazi 30 nebodera, dvije kose željeznice (’žičare’), predrevolucionarna utvrda i park Point State na ušću rijeka. Grad se razvio kao vitalna veza atlantske obale i Srednjeg zapada, kako su mineralima bogate planine Allegheny područje učinile poželjnim za Francusko i Britansko carstvo, Virdžinijance, pobunjenike Viski bune i napadače iz Građanskog rata u Americi.[4]
Pored čelika, Pittsburgh je predvodio i u proizvodnji aluminija, stakla, nafte, hrane, kao i u brodogradnji, sportu, transportu, računarstvu, automobilskoj industriji i elektronici.[5] Jedan dio 20. vijeka, Pittsburgh je po zaposlenosti u korporativnim sjedištima bio jedino poslije New Yorka i Chicaga; imao je najviše američkih akcionara per capita.[6] Američka deindustrijalizacija iz 1980-ih izazvala je otpuštanje s posla radnike plavog ovratnika i hiljade radnika bijelog ovratnika iz centralnog dijela grada kada su dugogodišnja svjetska sjedišta locirana u Pittsburghu premještena.[7] Ova zaostavština primorala je područje na obnovu muzeja, medicinskih centara,[8] parkova, istraživačkih centara, te raznolik kulturni distrikt.[9]
Danas, Google, Apple, Bosch, Facebook, Uber, Nokia, Autodesk, Microsoft i IBM nalaze se među 1.600 tehnoloških firmi koje generišu 20,7 milijardi u godišnjim platnim spiskovima Pittsburgha. Područje je poslužilo kao dugogodišnje sjedište federalne agencije za odbranu od sajber napada, softverski inžinjering, robotiku, energetska istraživanja i nuklearnu mornaricu.[10] U oblasti je smješteno 68 koledža i univerziteta, uključujući vodeće istraživačko-razvojne centre Univerzitet Carnegie Mellon i Univerzitet Pittsburgh.[11] Osma najveća banka u državi, osam Fortune 500 kompanija, te šest od top 300 američkih pravnih firmi ima globalno sjedište u ovom području, a RAND, BNY Mellon, Nova, FedEx, Bayer i NIOSH imaju svoja regionalna sjedišta koja su zaslužna da Pittsburgh postane šesta najbolja oblast po poslovnom rastu u SAD-u.[12]
Pittsburgh se 2015. godine našao na spisku ’jedanaest za život najpogodnijih gradova na svijetu’;[13] GLR The Economist-a pokazuje da je Pittsburgh bio prvi ili drugi za život najpogodniji grad u Sjedinjenim Državama 2005., 2009., 2011., 2012. i 2014. godine.[14] U regionu je pokrenut program LEED.[15]
Također pogledajte
urediReference
uredi- ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau, "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files"
- ^ "Current Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Population, Demographics and stats in 2016, 2017". SuburbanStats.org. Pristupljeno 10. maj 2017.
- ^ *Pittsburgh's heart of steel still beats amid transformed city. USA Today. David J. Lynch (22. septembar 2009).
- Just How Many Bridges Are There In Pittsburgh? Arhivirano 1. 11. 2013. na Wayback Machine (13. septembar 2006).
- Bridges Of Pittsburgh As Varied As The City Arhivirano 14. 1. 2017. na Wayback Machine. Chicago Tribune (18. oktobar 1987).
- Pittsburgh has Plenty of Bridges. KDKA-TV (16. juni 2006).
- ^ *Virginia-Pennsylvania Boundary. Virginiaplaces.org.
- Fortifying Pittsburgh in 1863 Arhivirano 4. 2. 2012. na Wayback Machine. Bivouacbooks.com.
- Eyewitness: 1949, TV makes Pittsburgh 'A New Promise' Arhivirano 6. 9. 2013. na Wayback Machine. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. (16. maj 2010)
- City Cable TV Viewers Talk Back With 'QUBE'. Pittsburgh Press. (14. april 1982)
- Cable TV firms battle to win big city contract. Pittsburgh Press. (13. august 1979)
- ^ *History, Beauty combined in 'Glass Country'. Janet Whritner. Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 25. jul 1976.
- Glass museum would honor Mt. Pleasant's productive past Arhivirano 25. 7. 2013. na Wayback Machine. Debra Duncan. Post-Gazette. 17. januar 2013.
- Petroleum Pioneers of Pittsburgh[mrtav link]. Alfred Mann. Heinz Center.
- National Park marker. Standard Oil Station.
- Oil150.com Timelines Arhivirano 16. 7. 2019. na Wayback Machine. Neil & Lois McElwee.
- History of Arco Arhivirano 29. 5. 2015. na Wayback Machine.
- Oil boom: Pittsburgh was nation's 1st petroleum capital. Kim Leonard. Tribune-Review. 4. oktobar 2009.
- Pittsburgh's brands once were talk of the town. Kim Leonard. Tribune-Review. 20. mart 2005.
- 1st Professional Football Game. PA Historic Marker.
- 1st World Series. PA Historic Marker.
- 1st U.S. Olympic hockey team was formed in Pittsburgh Arhivirano 24. 5. 2012. na Wayback Machine. PittsburghHockey.net.
- Why Super Bowl L should be Pittsburgh's. Dejan Kovacevic. Tribune-Review. 6. februar 2013.
- Electronic Computer Rejects Wrong Data. Post-Gazette. 8. februar 1956.
- Last of the Prototype Jeeps built in Butler goes on display Arhivirano 21. 8. 2016. na Wayback Machine. Marylin Pitz. Post-Gazette. 21. april 2003.
- When rivers ruled the city. Donald Miller. Post-Gazette. 5. februar 1988.
- 1st VW Rolls Off Assembly Line in US. Reginald Stuart. The New York Times. 11. april 1978.
- West Mifflin plant closes Arhivirano 25. 7. 2013. na Wayback Machine. Jon Schmitz. Post-Gazette. 13. decembar 2008.
- ^ *Pittsburgh takes 3rd: Creative Wealth Arhivirano 10. 2. 2015. na Wayback Machine. Carnegie Mellon University (2. august 2008)
- Pittsburgh still 3rd in Fortune list. Michael Schroeder. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (19. april 1983)
- Rockwell Shifts Headquarters to Calif. Len Barcousky. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (25. maj 1988)
- 'Bank' building short in statue, long on style. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (19. april 2009)
- Stock Exchange Here Closes Its Doors. Douglas Smock. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (24. august 1974)
- ^ *And the Wolf Finally Came: The Decline and Fall of the American Steel Industry. John P. Hoerr. University of Pittsburgh Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-8229-5398-2.
- Innovate or Die? Pittsburgh Chose to Innovate Arhivirano 14. 1. 2015. na Wayback Machine. Courtney Sanders U.S. Chamber of Commerce (12. februar 2014)
- Pittsburgh's Shaky Economy In Worst Shape Since 1940s. Observer-Reporter. (9. jul 1982)
- In desperate 1983, there was nowhere for Pittsburgh's economy to go but up Arhivirano 25. 7. 2013. na Wayback Machine. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. (23. decembar 2012)
- East Pittsburgh crunch. Pittsburgh Press (5. maj 1987)
- [1]. Pittsburgh Press. (14. april 1982)
- Nullspace: Pigskin mythos Arhivirano 18. 7. 2018. na Wayback Machine. Nullspace2.blogspot (23. decembar 2011)
- ^
- UPMC Clinches Top-Ten Spot on U.S. News & World Report Honor Roll of America's Best Hospitals. UPMC.edu (17. juli 2012)
- Awards and Recognitions. WestPenn Allegheny HealthSystem (13. april 2011)
- ^ Ritenbaugh, Stephanie (14. 5. 2014). "In The Lead: Pittsburgh leads with the most bars per person". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Arhivirano s originala, 15. maj 2014. Pristupljeno 14. maj 2014.
- ^ *Google, Intel and Apple. offices in Pittsburgh from CarnegieMellon.edu; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette feature
- Eaton Electronics headquarters
- McKesson Automation headquarters[mrtav link]
- 1,600 tech firms. NPR's December 2010: "From Steel to Tech, Pittsburgh transforms itself".
- $20.7 billion in technology payrolls. Pittsburgh Tech Council's "About us".
- $18.2 billion to local economy. Pittsburgh Business Journal.
- Silicon Valley is dying. PS Magazine.
- Federal Cyber Defense. National Cyber-Forensics & Training Alliance's "Contact Us" Arhivirano 10. 1. 2016. na Wayback Machine; CERT.org's 2011's "About Us".
- Federal Robotics. National Robotics Engineering Center's "History" Arhivirano 30. 4. 2014. na Wayback Machine.
- ^ *Universities Report Highest-Ever R&D Spending of $6 Billion in FY 2011 Arhivirano 13. 11. 2018. na Wayback Machine. Ronda Britt. InfoBrief. National Science Foundation (novembar 2012)
- Universities and Incubators Arhivirano 9. 3. 2016. na Wayback Machine. Pittsburgh Today (11. jul 2012)
- Pittsburgh’s smart; survey says so. Debra Erdley. Tribune-Review (25. jun 2013)
- ^ *Pittsburgh employment numbers better than similar cities. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (10. decembar 2014)
- Growth of jobs locally bucks nationwide trend Arhivirano 13. 2. 2011. na Wayback Machine. Joe Napsha. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (2. august 2008)
- Pittsburgh region sees 11th consecutive month of home sales increases Arhivirano 25. 7. 2013. na Wayback Machine. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (28. septembar 2012)
- Warning: Your Reality is Out of Date. Samuel Arbesman. The Boston Globe (28. februar 2010)
- Pittsburgh Booming. Jim Russell. Pacific Standard (22. juli 2013)
- Survival Lesson in Pittsburgh: Shedding an Industrial Past. David Streitfeld. The New York Times (8. januar 2009)
- Pittsburgh’s new housing boom stays strong. Sam Spatter. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (9. mart 2013)
- The NLJ 350. The National Law Journal Top 350 firms.
- Zillow Negative Equity Map Arhivirano 13. 1. 2016. na Wayback Machine. Zillow.com.
- ^ "Pittsburgh Named One Of The Most Livable Cities In The World". Pristupljeno 24. septembar 2015.
- ^ "The Economist names Pittsburgh U.S.'s Most Livable City (on the Mainland)". ImaginePittsburgh Now. Arhivirano s originala, 6. septembar 2014. Pristupljeno 8. juni 2016.
- ^ *Built Green, Working Green, Everyday Arhivirano 26. 10. 2013. na Wayback Machine. David L. Lawrence Convention Center (2012)
- Pittsburgh Is “Emerald City” with Dozens of Energy-Efficient Buildings. Phil Cynar. ImaginePittsburgh.com (20. oktobar 2012)
- Growth with a Vision. John Conti. Tribune-Review (27. 10. 2012)
- Natural gas locked in the Marcellus Shale has companies rushing to cash in on possibilities. Elwin Green. Post-Gazette (6. decembar 2009)
- Pitt: Land leased for oil, gas up 322 percent. Associated Press. via Google News. (16. august 2010)
- Chevron to Buy Atlas Energy for $4.3 Billion. Thomas Kaplan. The New York Times (9. novembar 2010)
- CONSOL Energy to Acquire Dominion's Appalachian E&P Business for $3.475 Billion In Cash. PR Newswire (15. mart 2011)
Literatura
uredi- Allen Dieterich-Ward, Beyond Rust: Metropolitan Pittsburgh and the Fate of Industrial America (U of Pennsylvania Press, 2016). viii, 347 pp.
- Kenneth J. Kobus, City of Steel: How Pittsburgh Became the World's Steelmaking Capital During the Carnegie Era. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2015.
- Charles McCollester, The Point of Pittsburgh: Production and Struggle at the Forks of the Ohio. Pittsburgh, PA: Battle of Homestead Foundation, 2008.
Vanjski linkovi
uredi
- Službeni sajt (en)
- Pittsburgh Convention and Visitors Bureau – Tourism (en)
- Historic Pittsburgh Maps Collection (en)
- PittsburghTODAY Regional benchmarks and statistics (en)
- Pittsburgh Daily Gazette. Google news archive. (en) —PDF-ovi 5.794 izdanja, koja datiraju otprilike iz perioda 1834.–1841. i 1850.–1863.
- U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Pittsburg Arhivirano 25. 7. 2020. na Wayback Machine (en)