Supergrupa SAR

Supergrupa SAR
Vremenski raspon:
Prije 736 (najranije 1.577) miliona godina → Sadašnjost
Supergrupa SAR; Vremenski raspon:; Prije 736 (najranije 1.577) miliona godina → Sadašnjost
	Predstavnici grupe
Sistematika
	Stramenopiles (= Heterokonta); Alveolata; Rhizaria;
Sinonimi
	Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010;

SAR ili Harosa (neformalna Supergrupa SAR) je kladus koji uključuje Stramenopile (heterokonte), Alveolata i Rhizaria.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Početno slovo od svake grupe je dalo naziv "SAR" (alternativno, nekada i "RAS").^[5]^[6]

Cavalier-Smith je (2010.) za ovu grupu uveo termin "Harosa" (u rangu potcarstva).^[7] Adl et al. (2012) formalizirali su SAR supergrupu kao takson zasnovan na kladističkom nodusu (čvoru divergencije) SAR. Oni su to definisali kao:^[5]

Sar: najmanje inkluzivni kladus koj sadrži Bigelowiella natans Moestrup & Sengco 2001 (Rhizaria), Tetrahymena thermophila Nanney i McCoy 1976 (Alveolata) i Thalassiosira pseudonana Cleve 1873 (Stramenopiles). Ovo je definicija koja se temelji na nodusu u kojem su svi specificirani i danas postojeći.

Treba imati na umu da je "Sar" kao formalni takson upisan samo s velikim slovom, dok ranija kratica, SAR, zadržava sva velika slova. Oba imena odnose se na istu skupinu organizama, osim ako daljnjim taksonomskim revizijama ne bude drugačije. Članovi SAR supergrupe jednom su uključeni u odvojene supergrupe Chromalveolata (Chromista, Alveolata) i Rhizaria, sve dok filogenetske studije nisu potvrdile da se stramenopili i alveolati razilaze sa Rhizaria.^[8] Ovo je očigledno isključilo Haptophyte i Cryptomonadina , što je navelo Okamoto et al. (2009) da predlože kladus Hacrobia da ih akomodiraju.^[9]

Filogenija

Bazirano na kompilaciji više izvora:^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

TSAR

Telonemia

SAR/

Rhizaria

Phytomyxea Engler & Prantl 1897 em. Cavalier-Smith 1993

Vampyrellida West 1901 emend. Hess et al. 2012 {Vampyrellidea Cavalier-Smith 2017}

Filosa Leidy 1879 s.s.

	Marimyxia Cavalier-Smith 2017

	Retaria Cavalier-Smith 2002 s.s.

Halvaria

Alveolata

	Ciliophora Doflein 1901 stat. n. Copeland 1956

	Myzozoa Cavalier-Smith and Chao 2004

Heterokonta

Platysulcidae Shiratori, Nkayama & Ishida 2015

Sagenista Cavalier-Smith 1995 stat. n. 2006

Bikosea Cavalier-Smith 2013

Placidozoa Cavalier-Smith 2013

Gyrista

Bigyromonadea Cavalier-Smith 1998

Oomycota Arx 1967

Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker 1969

	Pirsoniales Cavalier-Smith 1998

	Ochrophyta Cavalier-Smith 1986 (Smeđe, zlatne i žute alge)

Harosa

Također pogledajte

Reference

^ Archibald JM (januar 2009). "The puzzle of plastid evolution". Curr. Biol. 19 (2): R81–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067. PMID 19174147.
^ Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M, et al. (2007). Butler G (ured.). "Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups". PLoS ONE. 2 (8): e790. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..790B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790. PMC 1949142. PMID 17726520.
^ Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW et al. (mart 2009). "Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (10): 3859–64. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106. PMC 2656170. PMID 19237557. Eksplicitna upotreba et al. u: |authors= (pomoć)CS1 održavanje: upotreba parametra authors (link)
^ Frommolt R, Werner S, Paulsen H, et al. (decembar 2008). "Ancient recruitment by chromists of green algal genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis". Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (12): 2653–67. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn206. PMID 18799712.
^ ^a ^b Sina M. Adl; Alastair G.B. Simpson; Christopher E. Lane; Julius Lukeš; David Bass; Samuel S. Bowser; Matthew W. Brown; Fabien Burki; Micah Dunthorn; Vladimir Hampl; Aaron Heiss; Mona Hoppenrath; Enrique Lara; Line Le Gall; Denis H. Lynn; Hilary McManus; Edward A.D. Mitchell; Sharon E. Mozley-Stanridge; Laura W. Parfrey; Jan Pawlowski; Sonja Rueckert; Laura Shadwick; Conrad L. Schoch; Alexey Smirnov; Frederick W. Spiegel (2012). "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–493. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC 3483872. PMID 23020233. Nepoznati parametar |last-author-amp= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |name-list-style=) (pomoć)
^ Sandra L. Baldauf (2008). "An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 46 (3): 263–273. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08060 (neaktivno 17. 1. 2020). Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 20. 8. 2019. Pristupljeno 2. 2. 2020.CS1 održavanje: DOI nije aktivan od 2020 (link)
^ T. Cavalier-Smith (juni 2010). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–5. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.
^ Dawkins, Richard; Wong, Yan (2016). Ancestor's Tale. str. 573–577. ISBN 978-0544859937.
^ Fabien Burki (2014). "The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (5): 1–17. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147. PMC 3996474. PMID 24789819.
^ Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLoS ONE, 10 (4): e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
^ Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL Archives-ouvertes: 1–462
^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5. 9. 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
^ Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Jamy, Mahwash; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Burki, Fabien (30. 8. 2018). "New phylogenomic analysis of the enigmatic phylum Telonemia further resolves the eukaryote tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 36 (4): 757–765. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012. PMC 6844682. PMID 30668767.

Vanjski linkovi

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Commons ima datoteke na temu: Supergrupa SAR

[pmid19174147-1] Archibald JM (januar 2009). "The puzzle of plastid evolution". Curr. Biol. 19 (2): R81–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067. PMID 19174147.

[pmid17726520-2] Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M, et al. (2007). Butler G (ured.). "Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups". PLoS ONE. 2 (8): e790. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..790B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790. PMC 1949142. PMID 17726520.

[pmid19237557-3] Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW et al. (mart 2009). "Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (10): 3859–64. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106. PMC 2656170. PMID 19237557. Eksplicitna upotreba et al. u: |authors= (pomoć)CS1 održavanje: upotreba parametra authors (link)

[pmid18799712-4] Frommolt R, Werner S, Paulsen H, et al. (decembar 2008). "Ancient recruitment by chromists of green algal genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis". Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (12): 2653–67. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn206. PMID 18799712.

[adl2012-5] Sina M. Adl; Alastair G.B. Simpson; Christopher E. Lane; Julius Lukeš; David Bass; Samuel S. Bowser; Matthew W. Brown; Fabien Burki; Micah Dunthorn; Vladimir Hampl; Aaron Heiss; Mona Hoppenrath; Enrique Lara; Line Le Gall; Denis H. Lynn; Hilary McManus; Edward A.D. Mitchell; Sharon E. Mozley-Stanridge; Laura W. Parfrey; Jan Pawlowski; Sonja Rueckert; Laura Shadwick; Conrad L. Schoch; Alexey Smirnov; Frederick W. Spiegel (2012). "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–493. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC 3483872. PMID 23020233. Nepoznati parametar |last-author-amp= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |name-list-style=) (pomoć)

[J1-6] Sandra L. Baldauf (2008). "An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 46 (3): 263–273. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08060 (neaktivno 17. 1. 2020). Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 20. 8. 2019. Pristupljeno 2. 2. 2020.CS1 održavanje: DOI nije aktivan od 2020 (link)

[pmid20031978-7] T. Cavalier-Smith (juni 2010). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–5. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.

[Ancestor-8] Dawkins, Richard; Wong, Yan (2016). Ancestor's Tale. str. 573–577. ISBN 978-0544859937.

[burki2014-9] Fabien Burki (2014). "The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (5): 1–17. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147. PMC 3996474. PMID 24789819.

[10] Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLoS ONE, 10 (4): e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521

[11] Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL Archives-ouvertes: 1–462

[Cavalier-Smith_2017-12] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5. 9. 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.

[13] Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Jamy, Mahwash; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Burki, Fabien (30. 8. 2018). "New phylogenomic analysis of the enigmatic phylum Telonemia further resolves the eukaryote tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 36 (4): 757–765. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012. PMC 6844682. PMID 30668767.

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Supergrupa SAR Vremenski raspon: Prije 736 (najranije 1.577) miliona godina → Sadašnjost
Predstavnici grupe
Sistematika
Stramenopiles (= Heterokonta) Alveolata Rhizaria
Sinonimi
Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010