Hormon rasta 2

Somatotropin 2 je proteinska varijanta hormona rasta koja je kod ljudi kodirana genom GH2.

Hormon rasta 2 (GH-2).

Protein koga kodira ovaj gen je član porodice somatotropin/prolaktin hormona, a koji imaju važnu ulogu u kontroli rasta. Ovaj gen, zajedno s četiri druga srodna gena, nalazi se na lokusu za hormon rasta na hromosomu 17, gdje se smenjuju sa istom transkripcijskom orijentacijom. Aranžmani za koje se smatra da su evoluirali od niza gena duplikata.

Pet gena dijele izuzetno visok stepen identiteta odgovarajuće sekvence DNK. Alternativa prerade RNK stvara dodatnu izoformu svakog od pet hormona rasta, što je dovelo do dalje različitosti i potencijala za specijalizaciju. Kao i u slučaju njegovog hipofiznog "kolege", hormona rasta 1, preovladavajuċe izoforme ovog konkretnog člana porodice pokazuje slične somatogene aktivnosti, sa smanjenom latogenom aktivnosti. Mutacije ovog gena dovode do nedostatka hormona rasta placente, laktogena ljudske posteljice.

Također pogledajte

• Hormon rasta
• Hormon rasta 1

Dopunska literatura

• MacLeod JN, Lee AK, Liebhaber SA, Cooke NE (1992). "Developmental control and alternative splicing of the placentally expressed transcripts from the human growth hormone gene cluster". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (20): 14219–26. PMID 1378436.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
• Baumann G, Dávila N, Shaw MA, et al. (1992). "Binding of human growth hormone (GH)-variant (placental GH) to GH-binding proteins in human plasma". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73 (6): 1175–9. doi:10.1210/jcem-73-6-1175. PMID 1955498.
• Vnencak-Jones CL, Phillips JA (1991). "Hot spots for growth hormone gene deletions in homologous regions outside of Alu repeats". Science. 250 (4988): 1745–8. doi:10.1126/science.1980158. PMID 1980158.
• Frankenne F, Scippo ML, Van Beeumen J, et al. (1990). "Identification of placental human growth hormone as the growth hormone-V gene expression product". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71 (1): 15–8. doi:10.1210/jcem-71-1-15. PMID 2196278.
• Igout A, Scippo ML, Frankenne F, Hennen G (1988). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of placental hGH-V cDNA". Arch. Int. Physiol. Biochim. 96 (1): 63–7. doi:10.3109/13813458809079626. PMID 2460050.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
• Chen EY, Liao YC, Smith DH, et al. (1989). "The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology, and evolution". Genomics. 4 (4): 479–97. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90271-1. PMID 2744760.
• Cooke NE, Ray J, Emery JG, Liebhaber SA (1988). "Two distinct species of human growth hormone-variant mRNA in the human placenta predict the expression of novel growth hormone proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (18): 9001–6. PMID 3379057.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
• George DL, Phillips JA, Francke U, Seeburg PH (1981). "The genes for growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin are on the long arm of human chromosome 17 in region q21 to qter". Hum. Genet. 57 (2): 138–41. doi:10.1007/BF00282009. PMID 6262212.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
• Kidd VJ, Saunders GF (1982). "Linkage arrangement of human placental lactogen and growth hormone genes". J. Biol. Chem. 257 (18): 10673–80. PMID 6286668.
• Harper ME, Barrera-Saldaña HA, Saunders GF (1982). "Chromosomal localization of the human placental lactogen-growth hormone gene cluster to 17q22-24". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 34 (2): 227–34. PMC 1685277. PMID 7072716.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
• Seeburg PH (1983). "The human growth hormone gene family: nucleotide sequences show recent divergence and predict a new polypeptide hormone". DNA. 1 (3): 239–49. doi:10.1089/dna.1.1982.1.239. PMID 7169009.
• Owerbach D, Rutter WJ, Martial JA, et al. (1980). "Genes for growth hormone, chorionic somatommammotropin, and growth hormones-like gene on chromosome 17 in humans". Science. 209 (4453): 289–92. doi:10.1126/science.7384802. PMID 7384802.
• Sundström M, Lundqvist T, Rödin J, et al. (1997). "Crystal structure of an antagonist mutant of human growth hormone, G120R, in complex with its receptor at 2.9 A resolution". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (50): 32197–203. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.50.32197. PMID 8943276.
• Melen L, Hennen G, Dullaart RP, et al. (1997). "Both pituitary and placental growth hormone transcripts are expressed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 110 (2): 336–40. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1997.tb08337.x. PMC 2265512. PMID 9367422.
• Boguszewski CL, Svensson PA, Jansson T, et al. (1998). "Cloning of two novel growth hormone transcripts expressed in human placenta". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (8): 2878–85. doi:10.1210/jc.83.8.2878. PMID 9709963.
• Untergasser G, Hermann M, Rumpold H, Berger P (1998). "Complex alternative splicing of the GH-V gene in the human testis". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 139 (4): 424–7. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1390424. PMID 9820620.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
• Graichen R, Liu D, Sun Y, et al. (2002). "Autocrine human growth hormone inhibits placental transforming growth factor-beta gene transcription to prevent apoptosis and allow cell cycle progression of human mammary carcinoma cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (29): 26662–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109931200. PMID 11994274.
• Silva CM, Kloth MT, Lyons CE, et al. (2003). "Intracellular signaling by growth hormone variant (GH-V)". Growth Horm. IGF Res. 12 (5): 374–80. doi:10.1016/S1096-6374(02)00048-5. PMID 12213191.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.