Hamasova povelja iz 2017.
Dokument o općim principima i politikama (arapski: وثيقة المبادئ والسياسات العامة لحركة حماس), također poznat kao Hamasova povelja iz 2017,[1] novo poglavlje,[2] ili "tekuća" povelja.[3] jest dokument koji je palestinska politička i vojna organizacija Hamas predstavila u maju 2017.
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Prihvatila je ideju o palestinskoj državi unutar granica iz 1967, tj. koja bi se sastojala samo od Zapadne obale i pojasa Gaze,[4] pod uslovom da se palestinskim izbjeglicama dozvoli povratak svojim domovima,[5] ukoliko to bude konsenzus Palestinaca[6] ("formula nacionalnog konsenzusa"[7]); ali se u isto vrijeme ovaj dokument zalagao za "potpuno oslobođenje Palestine, od rijeke do mora",[7] i nije eksplicitno priznao Izrael.[4] Nova povelja smatra da je oružani otpor protiv okupatorske sile opravdan prema međunarodnom pravu.[8][9]
Dok je Hamasova povelja iz 1988. bila kritizirana zbog svog antisemitizma, dokument iz 2017. uklonio je antisemitski jezik i naveo da se Hamasova borba nije vodila protiv Jevreja kao takvih zbog njihove religije, već protiv cionističkog projekta.[10][11][12][13][14][15] Na pitanje, čelnici Hamasa su objasnili da je "Originalna povelja sada postala historijski dokument i dio ranije faze u našoj evoluciji. Ostat će na polici pokreta kao zapis naše prošlosti." Novi dokument odražava "naš stav za sada."[16] Međutim, Hamas nije formalno odbacio originalnu povelju iz 1988.[17][18] Prema nekim analitičarima, Hamas nije formalno opozvao staru povelju kako ne bi otuđio neke od članova svoje baze, za koje se bojao da bi se mogli pridružiti rivalskim islamističkim frakcijama.[18]
Pogledi na dokument iz 2017. su se razlikovali. Dok su neki to pozdravili kao znak pragmatizma i povećane političke zrelosti, te potencijalni korak na putu ka miru, mnogi drugi su ga odbacili kao samo kozmetički napor osmišljen da učini da Hamas zvuči ugodnije, a da se ništa ne mijenja u Hamasovim temeljnim ciljevima i metodama.[18]
Reference
uredi- ^ Radonic 2021; Ayoob & Lussier 2020, str. 125.
- ^ Alsoos 2021, str. 838; Ayoob & Lussier 2020, str. 124; Slater 2020, str. 334; Contemporary Review of the Middle East 2017, str. 393; Hroub 2017, str. 102; Brenner 2017, str. xii.
- ^ Luz 2023, str. 163.
- ^ a b "How Hamas aims to trap Israel in Gaza quagmire". Reuters. 4 November 2023.
- ^ Hamas accepts Palestinian state with 1967 borders, Al Jazeera, 2 May 2017.
- ^ "What will the Israeli-Palestinian conflict look like in 30 years?". The Jerusalem Post. 22 September 2023. Pristupljeno 2 June 2024.
Even Hamas in 2017 said it was ready to accept a Palestinian state with 1967 borders if it is clear this is the consensus of the Palestinians.
CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link) - ^ a b See articles 2 and 20 (etc.) in “A Document of General Principles and Policies (…) 1 May 2017 (…) "Hamas" ”, official English translation (hosted by the Internet Archive). Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ Hroub 2017.
- ^ Jean-François Legrain: Hamas according to Hamas: A reading of its Document of General Principles. In: Shahram Akbarzadeh (Hrsg.): Routledge Handbook of Political Islam, Routledge, London 2020, pp. 79–90.
- ^ Seurat, Leila (2019). The Foreign Policy of Hamas. Bloomsbury Publishing. str. 17. ISBN 9781838607449.
- ^ Amira, Hass (3 May 2017). "Why Hamas' New Charter Is Aimed at Palestinians, Not Israelis". Haaretz. Arhivirano s originala, 12 November 2024. Pristupljeno 12 November 2024.
- ^ Qossay Hamed (2023). Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation. IGI Global. str. 161.
- ^ Timea Spitka (2023). National and International Civilian Protection Strategies in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Springer International Publishing. str. 88-89.
- ^ "Khaled Meshaal: Struggle is against Israel, not Jews". Al-Jazeera. 6 May 2017. Pristupljeno 19 November 2023.
- ^ Patrick Wintour (2 May 2017). "Hamas presents new charter accepting a Palestine based on 1967 borders". The Guardian. Pristupljeno 3 May 2017.
- ^ Younes, Ali (2 May 2017). "Meshaal: Hamas is not a rigid ideological organisation". Al Jazeera. Pristupljeno 2023-12-07.
- ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (10 May 2017). "Leading Hamas official says no softened stance toward Israel". Reuters.
- ^ a b c Seurat, Leila (2022). The foreign policy of Hamas: ideology, decision making and political supremacy. I.B. Tauris. p. 62. ISBN 9781838607456.
Izvori
uredi- Alsoos, Imad (2021-09-03). "From jihad to resistance: the evolution of Hamas's discourse in the framework of mobilization". Middle Eastern Studies. 57 (5): 833–856. doi:10.1080/00263206.2021.1897006. ISSN 0026-3206.
- Ayoob, Mohammed; Lussier, Danielle Nicole (2020). The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in Muslim Societies. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-03765-0.
- Brenner, Bjorn (2017). Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-7556-3439-2.
- "Charters of Hamas". Contemporary Review of the Middle East. 4 (4): 393–418. 2017-11-01. doi:10.1177/2347798917727905. ISSN 2347-7989.
- Hroub, Khaled (2017-08-01). "A Newer Hamas? The Revised Charter". Journal of Palestine Studies (jezik: engleski). 46 (4): 100–111. doi:10.1525/jps.2017.46.4.100. ISSN 0377-919X.
- Luz, Nimrod (2023-09-07). The Politics of Sacred Places: A View from Israel-Palestine. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-29573-5.
- Radonic, Ljiljana (2021). "New Antisemitism and New Media: Leftist Derealization of Islamist "Emancipation"". u Lange, Armin; Mayerhofer, Kerstin; Porat, Dina; Schiffman, Lawrence H. (ured.). Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds (jezik: engleski). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-067203-9.
- Schulz, Michael (2020). Between Resistance, Sharia Law, and Demo-Islamic Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-4610-1.
- Slater, Jerome (2020). Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917-2020. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-045909-3.