Trochozoa predloženi kladus Lophotrochozoa, koji je sestinski sa Polyzoa. Kladus uključuje životinje iz pet koljena:

Trochozoa
(Predloženi kladus Lophotrochozoa)
Anelida Alitta succinea
Sistematika
CarstvoAnimalia
PotcarstvoEumetazoa
NatkoljenoSpiralia
Lophotrochozoa
Spiralia

Gnathifera

Platytrochozoa
Rouphozoa

Gastrotricha

Platyhelminthes

Lophotrochozoa
Trochozoa
Brachiozoa

Brachiopoda

Phoronida

Mollusca

Annelida

Echiura

Clitellata

Siboglinidae

Sipuncula

Nemertea

Polyzoa

Entoprocta

Cycliophora

Bryozoa/Ectoprocta

Reference

uredi
  1. ^ Paps, Jordi; Baguñà, Jaume; Riutort, Marta (2009-10-01). "Bilaterian Phylogeny: A Broad Sampling of 13 Nuclear Genes Provides a New Lophotrochozoa Phylogeny and Supports a Paraphyletic Basal Acoelomorpha". Molecular Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 26 (10): 2397–2406. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp150. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 19602542.
  2. ^ Struck, Torsten H.; Schult, Nancy; Kusen, Tiffany; Hickman, Emily; Bleidorn, Christoph; McHugh, Damhnait; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2007-01-01). "Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 57. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-57. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 1855331. PMID 17411434.
  3. ^ Hausdorf, Bernhard; Helmkampf, Martin; Meyer, Achim; Witek, Alexander; Herlyn, Holger; Bruchhaus, Iris; Hankeln, Thomas; Struck, Torsten H.; Lieb, Bernhard (2007-12-01). "Spiralian Phylogenomics Supports the Resurrection of Bryozoa Comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta". Molecular Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 24 (12): 2723–2729. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm214. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 17921486.
  4. ^ Struck, Torsten H.; Wey-Fabrizius, Alexandra R.; Golombek, Anja; Hering, Lars; Weigert, Anne; Bleidorn, Christoph; Klebow, Sabrina; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Hausdorf, Bernhard (2014-07-01). "Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia". Molecular Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 31 (7): 1833–1849. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu143. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 24748651.
  5. ^ "Cycliophorans - Cycliophora - Details - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 2017-09-02.
  6. ^ "Introduction to the Lophotrochozoa". www.ucmp.berkeley.edu. Pristupljeno 2017-09-02.
  7. ^ "The "Lophophorates" Phylum Bryozoa Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda - ppt video online download". slideplayer.com. Pristupljeno 2017-09-02.