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'''Nikejski simbol vjere''' ili '''Nikejski simvol vjere''' ili '''Nicejski simbol vjere''' (na [[Latinski jezik|latinskom]], '''''Symbolum Nicenum'''''), također poznato i kao '''Nikejsko-konstantinopljski kredo (vjeruju)''' ili '''Simvol (simbol) vjere''', je najrašireniji [[kršćanstvo|kršćanski]] iskaz, odnosno potvrđivanje vjere. Skraćeni oblici, prema prvoj riječi ovog teksta, su: [[grčki jezik|grčki]], '''Πιστεύομεν''', ''Pisteuomen'', doslovno "Vjerujemo"; na latinskom, '''''Credo''''', doslovno "Vjerujem."
Nikejski simbol vjere je također najprihvaćeniji iskaz vjere u kršćanskoj crkvi, te se kao takav još uvijek koristi u [[Istočne pravoslavne crkve|Istočnim pravoslavnim]], [[Orijentalne pravoslavne crkve|Orijentalnim pravoslavnim]], u [[Koptska crkva|Koptskoj]], [[Nestorijanstvo|Nestorijanskoj]], [[Rimokatolička crkva|Rimokatoličkoj]], [[Anglikanska crkva|Anglikanskoj]] kao i u većini [[protestantizam|protestantskih]] crkava.
Nikejski simbol vjere je usvojeno na [[Prvi vaseljenski sabor|Prvom vaseljenskom saboru]], u [[Nikeja|Nikeji]], [[325]], a onda dorađeno i usvojeno na [[Prvi konstantinopoljski sabor|Prvom konstantinopoljskom saboru]], [[381]]. Kasnije se pojavila zapadna verzija koja je uključila [[Filioque klauzula|''filioque'' klauzulu]]. Ova je klauzula bila jedan od razloga [[Veliki hrišćanski raskol|Velikog raskola]] između [[Istočne pravoslavne crkve|Istočnog pravoslavlja]] i [[Rimokatolička crkva|rimokatoličanstva]].
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=== The original Nicene Creed of 325 ===
The original Nicene Creed was first adopted in [[325]] at the [[First Council of Nicaea]], which was the [[Ecumenical Council]]. At that time, the text ended after the words "We believe in the Holy Spirit."
The [[Coptic Church]] has the tradition that the original creed was authored by [[Athanasius]]. [[Fenton John Anthony Hort|F.J.A. Hort]] and [[Adolf Harnack]] argued that the Nicene creed was the local creed of Caesarea brought to the council by [[Eusebius of Caesarea]]. J.N.D. Kelly sees as its basis a baptismal creed of the Syro-Phoenician family, related to but not dependent of the creed cited by [[Cyril of Jerusalem]] and to the creed of Eusebius.
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The [[second Ecumenical Council]] in [[381]] added the remainder of the text except for the words "and the son"; this is the version still used by [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Greek Catholic]] churches today.
The [[third Ecumenical Council]] reaffirmed the 381 version, and stated that no further changes could be made to it, nor could other creeds be adopted.
===Amendments===
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The Roman Catholic church added the words ''"and the Son"'' (the [[filioque clause]]) to the description of the Holy Spirit, in what many have argued is a violation of the Canons of the Third Ecumenical Council. Those words were not included by the Council of Nicaea nor of Constantinople, and most Eastern Orthodox theologians consider their inclusion to be a [[heresy]]. The [[Anglican Communion]]'s current consensus position is "''recommending to the provinces of the Anglican Communion that in future liturgical revisions the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed be printed without the Filioque clause.''" [http://www.anglicancommunion.org/acns/archive/1988/1988-6.htm (1988 Lambeth Conference of Anglican Bishops, Resolution 6.5)]
The phrase "and the son" (''filioque'' in Latin) was first used in [[Toledo, Spain]] in [[587]] with the purpose of countering the [[Arianism|Arian Christian faith]] of the [[Visigoth]]ic nobility of Spain. The practice spread then to France, a stronghold of Arianism where it was repudiated at the [[Gentilly Council]] in [[767]]. Emperor [[Charlemagne]] called for a council at [[Aix-la-Chapelle]] in [[809]] at which [[Pope Leo III]] forbade the use of the filioque clause and ordered that the Nicene creed be engraved on silver tablets so that his conclusion may not be overturned in the future.
The dispute over the filioque clause was one of the reasons for the [[East-West Schism]]. The clause had been adopted in the west although the Third Ecumenical Council ([[431]]) had prohibited to individuals the promulgation of any other creed. The manner of the clause's adoption was therefore controversial and in the 10th century the [[Photius]], Patriach of [[Constantinople]], used this clause in his conflict with the Pope. He accused the West of having fallen into heresy and thereby turned the filioque clause into the doctrinal issue of contention between East and West.
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===Controversy of Christian definition===
Some religious denominations adhere to Christian scripture and identify themselves emphatically as Christians, but reject the Nicene Creed as an error or a misinterpretation, and also reject the more recent [[Lausanne Covenant]] that affirms the Creed. As a result, many other Christians regard these denominations as not being Christian at all. Such denominations include [[Oneness Pentecostals]], [[Arianism]], [[Mormonism]], and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]].
In modern [[interfaith]] relations, there have been many heated clashes between Nicene and non-Nicene sectarians over the definition of Christianity, and of what constitutes a Christian. In some countries (such as the [[United States]]), this has led to [[litigation]] with charges and counter-charges over this very theological issue, involving allegations as wide-ranging as [[slander]], [[perjury]], [[discrimination]], and [[breach of contract]]. In ancient times, these issues were largely set aside by the annihilation of the contemporary Arianist sect. In modern times, relations between evangelists of Nicene and newer non-Nicene sects are generally cold, and at times outwardly hostile as well.
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:<strike>But as for those who say, There was when He was not, and Before being born He was not, and that He came into existence out of nothing or who assert that the Son of God is of a different hypostasis or substance, or is subject to alteration or change - those the Catholic and apostolic Church anathematizes.</strike>
===English versions===
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:We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty,
:maker of heaven and earth, of all that is seen and unseen.
:We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
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:he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
:He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,
:and his kingdom will have no end.
:We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,
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====Modern gender-neutrality====
Some Christian communions, in particular the [[World Council of Churches]] and the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]], omit the word "men", and others substitute the word "all" , in the line "for us men and for our salvation..." This is considered a more gender-neutral translation of ''nos homines'' ("we men"). The frequency of usage of this variation is, however, unknown. "Homo" in Latin, however, means "human being" more than "man" — Latin "vir" means "man". However, later in Latin this changed, with "homo" meaning "man". Interestingly enough, the same is true of English. In Old English, "man" meant "human being", with "wer-man" and "wîf-man" meaning "man" and "woman" respectively. Old English "wer" is directly cognate with Latin "vir".
Thus, modern gender neutrality here may be more historically and etymologically correct, interestingly enough, because the matter does not even arise in the original Greek: there the word "''anthropoi''" (humans or human beings) is used, as opposed to "''andres''" (men), or "''gynaikes''" (women). The issue is therefore limited only to certain ways of translating the original Greek into various languages, as the original itself has always been gender-neutral.
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* A E Burn, The Council of Nicaea (1925);
* G Forell, Understanding the Nicene Creed (1965)
* J.N.D. Kelly, Early Christian Creeds, (1982), {{ISBN
== Vanjski linkovi ==
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