Malajci
Malajci (malajski: Orang Melayu; Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) jesu austronezijska etnoreligijska grupa porijeklom iz istočne Sumatre, Malajsko poluostrvo i obalnog Bornea, kao i manjih ostrva koja se nalaze između ovih lokacija. Ove lokacije su danas dio zemalja Malezije, Indonezije (istočna i južna Sumatra, ostrva Bangka Belitung, Zapadni Kalimantan i Riau ostrva), južnog dijela Tajlanda (Pattani, Satun, Songkhla, Yala i Narathiwat), Singapura i Bruneja.
Malajci | |
---|---|
Orang Melayu | |
Ukupna populacija | |
oko 30.000.000 | |
Značajno stanovništvo u | |
Malezija (2023 popis) | 17.600.000[note 1] |
Indonezija (2010 popis) | 8.753.791[note 2][1][2] |
Tajland | 2.150.950[3] |
Singapur (2020 popis) | 545.498[note 3][4] |
Brunej | 314.560[5] |
Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Arapski svijet | oko 50.000[6][7] |
Australija | 33.183[8] |
Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo | oko 33.000 |
SAD | 29.431[9] |
Mjanmar | oko 27.000 |
Kanada | 16.920[10] |
Japan | 11.287[11] |
Jezik | |
Malajski jezik | |
Vjera | |
Islam | |
Vezane etničke grupe | |
Ostali austronezijski narodi |
Postoji značajna jezička, kulturna, umjetnička i društvena raznolikost među mnogim malajskim podgrupama, uglavnom zbog stotina godina imigracije i asimilacije različitih regionalnih etničkih grupa i plemena unutar pomorske jugoistočne Azije. Istorijski gledano, malajska populacija potiče prvenstveno od ranijih Austronezijanaca i austroazijskih plemena koji su govorili malajski koji su osnovali nekoliko drevnih pomorskih trgovačkih država i kraljevstava, posebno Brunej, Kedah, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, Melayu i Srivijaya.[12][13]
Pojava Malaka sultanata u 15. vijeku pokrenula je veliku revoluciju u malajskoj historiji, čiji značaj leži u njegovom dalekosežnom političkom i kulturnom naslijeđu. Smatra se da su uobičajeni definitivne karakteristike malajstva – religija islama, malajski jezik i tradicija – proglašeni tokom ove ere, što je rezultiralo etnogenezom Malajaca kao glavne etnoreligijske grupe u regiji.[14] U književnosti, arhitekturi, kuhinji, tradicionalnoj nošnji, izvođačkim umjetnostima, borilačkim vještinama i kraljevskim dvorskim tradicijama, Malaka je postavila standard koji su kasnije malajski sultanati oponašali. Zlatno doba malajskih sultanata na Malajskom poluostrvu, Sumatri i Borneu je rezultiralo time što su mnogi njihovi stanovnici, posebno iz različitih plemenskih zajednica kao što su Batak, Dayak, Orang Asli i Orang Laut, postali islamizirani i malajizirani.[15] Tokom historije, termin "malajski" je proširen na druge etničke grupe unutar "malajskog svijeta"; ova upotreba je danas uglavnom ograničena na Maleziju i Singapur,[16] gdje se potomci imigranata iz ove etničke grupe nazivaju anak dagang ("trgovci") i koji su pretežno s indonezijskog arhipelaga kao što su Ačehci, Banjarese, Bugis, Mandailing , Minangkabau i Javanci.
Tokom svoje historije, Malajci su bili poznati kao obalna trgovačka zajednica sa fluidnim kulturnim karakteristikama.[17][18] Oni su apsorbirali, dijelili i prenijeli brojne kulturne karakteristike drugih lokalnih etničkih grupa, poput onih Minanga i Ačehaca.
Napomene
uredi- ^ Podaci popisa stanovništva u Maleziji ne razlikuju nemalajske indonežanske etničke grupe (kao što su Javanci) kao zasebne etničke grupe, već ih uključuju među "Malajce".
- ^ Ovaj broj daje samo etničku populaciju koja se nalazi pod pojmom "malajski" prema definiciji indonežanske vlade, naime Melayu Asahan, Melayu Deli, Melayu Riau, Langkat/ Melayu Langkat, Melayu Banyu Asin, Asahan, Melayu, Melayu Lahat i Melayu Semendo u nekim dijelovima Sumatre
- ^ Podaci sa popisa stanovništva u Singapuru ne razlikuju nemalajske indonežanske etničke grupe kao zasebne etničke grupe, već ih uključuju među "Malajce", iako, na primjer, oni javanskog porijekla čine oko 60% Singapurska "malajska" populacije.
Reference
uredi- ^ Ananta et al. 2015, str. 119.
- ^ "Ethnic Group (eng)". indonesia.go id. Indonesian Information Portal. 2017. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 4. 2020. Pristupljeno 29. 12. 2020.
- ^ "Thailand". World Population Review. 2022. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 4. 2015. Pristupljeno 5. 5. 2015.
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- ^ "CIA (B)"
- ^ "Jejak Melayu di bumi anbiya". Arhivirano s originala, 15. 9. 2018. Pristupljeno 1. 6. 2018.
- ^ "Jabal Ajyad perkampungan komuniti Melayu di Mekah". Arhivirano s originala, 15. 9. 2018. Pristupljeno 1. 6. 2018.
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- ^ "Data Access Dissemination Systems (DADS): Results". United States Census Bureau. 5. 10. 2010. Arhivirano s originala, 27. 12. 1996. Pristupljeno 2. 12. 2018.Šablon:Verify source
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- ^ [1]
- ^ Milner 2010, str. 24, 33.
- ^ Barnard 2004, str. 7 & 60.
- ^ Melayu Online 2005.
- ^ Milner 2010, str. 200, 232.
- ^ Milner 2010, str. 10 & 185.
- ^ Milner 2010, str. 131.
- ^ Barnard 2004, str. 7, 32, 33 & 43.
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