Zastava Engleske

Zastava engleske se sastoji od elemanata crveni krst Svetog Đorđa na bijeloj podlozi (heraldički grb: srebrni, crveni krst). Crveni krst kao simbol prvi put se pojavljuje tokom srednjeg vijeka i krstaških ratova i predstavlja jedan od najranijih engleskih simbola, a sve više se koristio uz kraljevsku zastavu nakon engleske reformacije, posebno kao pomorska zastava koja se naziva bijela zastava. Korišten je kao komponenta u dizajnu Union Jacka 1606. godine ^[1].

Široko se koristi od 1990-ih, posebno na nacionalnim sportskim događajima, posebno tokom sezone fudbalske reprezentacije Engleske ^[2].

Porijeklo

Godine 1188. Henri II od Engleske i Filip II od Francuske složili su se da krenu u krstaški rat, i da će Henri koristiti bijeli krst, a Filip crveni krst. Izvori iz trinaestog vijeka su saglasniu tome da je Henri koristio bijeli krst, a Filip crveni krst (a ne obrnuto kao što je sugerirano kasnijom upotrebom). Stoga nije jasno u kom trenutku su Englezi zamijenili bijeli krst za crveno-bijeli.

Postojala je istoriografska tradicija koja tvrdi da je sam Ričard Lavljeg Srca usvojio i zastavu i sveca zaštitnika iz Republike Đenove u nekom trenutku tokom svog krstaškog rata. Ova ideja se može pratiti do viktorijanskog doba ^[3], Perrin (1922) je naziva "uobičajenim vjerovanjem", a i danas se popularno ponavlja iako se ne može dokazati kao istorijsko ^[4]. Princ Edvard, vojvoda od Kenta, ponovio je ovo u dvojezičnom predgovoru za brošuru napravljenu za Britanski paviljon na Expo-u u Genovi '92. Relevantni pasus je glasio:

Zastavu Svetog Đorđa, crveni krst na bijelom polju, usvojili su Engleska i Grad London 1190. godine za svoje brodove koji su ulazili u Mediteran kako bi imali koristi od zaštite đenoveške flote. Engleski monarh je odao godišnju počast duždu Đenove za ovu privilegiju ^[5].

Također pogledajte

Zastava Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva

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Izvori

^ Suchenia, Agnieszka (13 March 2013), The Union Flag and Flags of the United Kingdom (PDF), House of Commons Library, str. 6–8
^ "What are the flags of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?". Metro. 23 April 2019. Pristupljeno 25 april 2022.
^ E.g. "Richard Coeur de Lion embarked on Genoese galleys under their banner of the Red Cross and the flag of St. George, which he brought home to become the patron of Old England". The Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society, Volumes 7–8, 1891, p. 139. There are variants; in another version Richard is impressed with the Genoese at Acre.
^ "I have been unable to find any solid ground for the common belief that the cross of St George was introduced as the national emblem of England by Richard I, and am of opinion that it did not begin to attain that position until the first years of the reign of Edward I". (Perrin 1922, p. 15)
^ This version was taken at face value on the website of a "Ligurian Independence Movement", presented by one Vincenzo Matteucci in an article entitled L'Inghilterra "pagava" per poter innalzare la bandiera della gloriosa Repubblica di Genova sulle sue navi! ("England paid for flying on its ships the banner of the Glorious Republic of Genoa!") on that website (Movimento Indipendentista Ligure 7 No. 3/4 2002), and posted on the Genoa page at Flags of the World by one Filippo Noceti in 2001.

[1] Suchenia, Agnieszka (13 March 2013), The Union Flag and Flags of the United Kingdom (PDF), House of Commons Library, str. 6–8

[2] "What are the flags of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?". Metro. 23 April 2019. Pristupljeno 25 april 2022.

[3] E.g. "Richard Coeur de Lion embarked on Genoese galleys under their banner of the Red Cross and the flag of St. George, which he brought home to become the patron of Old England". The Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society, Volumes 7–8, 1891, p. 139. There are variants; in another version Richard is impressed with the Genoese at Acre.

[4] "I have been unable to find any solid ground for the common belief that the cross of St George was introduced as the national emblem of England by Richard I, and am of opinion that it did not begin to attain that position until the first years of the reign of Edward I". (Perrin 1922, p. 15)

[5] This version was taken at face value on the website of a "Ligurian Independence Movement", presented by one Vincenzo Matteucci in an article entitled L'Inghilterra "pagava" per poter innalzare la bandiera della gloriosa Repubblica di Genova sulle sue navi! ("England paid for flying on its ships the banner of the Glorious Republic of Genoa!") on that website (Movimento Indipendentista Ligure 7 No. 3/4 2002), and posted on the Genoa page at Flags of the World by one Filippo Noceti in 2001.

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