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'''Ebu-Sufjan''', ili punim imenom '''Ebu-Sufjan Sakhr ibn Harb''', ({{ArJ|صخر بن حرب}} ), je bio vođa [[Kurejš]]a [[MekaMekka|MekeMekke]] i najveći protivnik PoslanikuPoslanika [[Muhammed|Muhammeda]]u a.s, ali je kasnije prihvatio [[islam]] i postao jedan od Poslanikovih [[ashabi|ashaba]] (drugova). Također je poznat i kao otac [[halifa|halife]] [[Muavija ibn Ebu-Sufjan|Muavije ibn Ebu-Sufjana]], osnivača [[Dinastija Emevijja|dinastije Emevijja]].
 
== Biografija ==
=== Protivnik islama ===
 
Ebu-Sufjan je bio zapovjednik Benu Šemsa, dijela plemena [[Kurejš]], što ga je učinio jednim od najmoćnijih ljudi u [[MekaMekka|MekiMekki]]. U Muhammedovim a.s. pozivima u islam, vidio je opasnost za svoj položaj, te se najoštrjenajoštrije suprostavio prvim muslimanima. Kada su Kurejšije izdale nekoliko akata o progonu kojim bi sprečavale prelazak na [[islam]], njegova kćerka Ramla je bila među onim koji su prešli u Abesiniju.
 
==== Vojni sukobi sa muslimanima ====
 
Nakon to je Muhammed a.s. migrirao u [[Medina|Medinu]] [[622]]. muslimani su predstavjalipredstavljali prijetnju karavanama koje su iz [[Sirija|Sirije]] dolazile u MekuMekku. [[624]]. je Ebu Sufijan bio vođa jedne karvane i kada su je muslimani presreli pozvao je Kurejšije da mu pomognu. Ovo je dovelo do [[Bitka na Bedru|bitke na Bedru]] u kojoj su muslimani pobijedili. Ipak je Ebu Sufijan uspio dovesti karavan nazad u MekuMekku a smrt većine Kurejši vođa tokom bitke ga je učinila vođom MekeMekke.
 
Tako je postao i vojni vođa Mekanskemekanske kampanje protiv Medine i [[Bitka na Uhudu|bitke na Uhudu]] [[625]]. godine i [[Bitka na hendekuHendeku|Bitke na hendekuHendeku]] [[627]]. ali nije uspio zadobiti konačnu pobijedupobjedu.
 
Rezultat je bilo primirje sklopljeno [[628]]. koje je omogućilo muslimanima da hodočaste [[Kaba|Kabu]].
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==== Porijeklo ====
 
Ebu-Sufjan je rođen [[560]]. godine kao dijettedijete [[Harb ibn Umejja|Harba ibn Umejje]]. Njegov djed je bio [[Umejja ibn Abd Šems]] po kojem je dinastija dobila ime. Pradjed mu je bio [[Abd Šems ibn Abd el-Manaf]], brat [[Muhammed]]ovog a.s. pradjeda Hašima.
 
==== Žene i djeca ====
 
Ebu-Sufjan je bio oženjen sa [[Hind bint Utba]], koja je rodila Muaviju. Ne postoji pouzdan zapis da je Muavija bio dijete Ebu-Sufjana, nego historičari kalkulišu sa nekoliko ljudi sa kojima je Hind održavala vezu. Iz tog razloga Šiitskišiitski muslimani ga zovu Muavija ibn Hind po njegovoj majci. <ref>[http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/muawiya/en/chap11.php]</ref>. Ostali muslimani ga zovu po imenu oca, dakle Muavija ibn Ebu-Sufjan. Ebu-Sufjan je imao dijete i sa svojom rodicom, a radi se o kćeri zvanoj Remlah bint Ebu-Sufjan, ili u islamskim krugovima poznatijom kao [[Ummu Habiba]] jedna od [[Muhammed|Poslanikovih]] a.s. žena.
 
Islamski izvori kalkulišu sa još jednim Ebu-Sufjanovim djetetom, a to je Zijad ibn Ebu-Sufjan. On je bio nelegitimno dijete, koje Ebu-Sufjan nije priznao za svog života, ali ga je Muavija kasnije predstavio i priznao za svogasvog brata.▼
Ebu-Sufjan je imao dijete i sa svojom rodicom, a radi se o kćeri zvanoj Remlah bint Ebu-Sufjan, ili u islamskim krugovima poznatijom kao [[Ummu Habiba]] jedna od [[Muhammed|Poslanikovih]] žena.
 
▲Islamski izvori kalkulišu sa još jednim Ebu-Sufjanovim djetetom, a to je Zijad ibn Ebu-Sufjan. On je bio nelegitimno dijete, koje Ebu-Sufjan nije priznao za svog života, ali ga je Muavija kasnije predstavio i priznao za svoga brata.
 
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== Također pogledajte ==
* [[Ashabi]]
 
=== Muslimansko osvajanje Mekke ===
 
When the armistice was violated in [[630]] by allies of the Quraish, Muhammad moved towards conquering Mecca. Abu Sufyan, sensing that the balances were now tilted in [[Muhammad]]'s favour and that the Quraish were not strong enough to hinder the Muslims from conquering the city, travelled to Medina, trying to restore the treaty. During his stay, he was repulsed by Ali and by his own daughter Ramlah, who now was one of Muhammad's wives. Though Muhammad refused to reach an agreement and Abu Sufyan returned to Mecca empty handed, these efforts ultimately ensured that the conquest occurred without battle or bloodshed.
 
Muhammad assembled an army of approximately 10,000 men and marched towards Mecca.
Again Abu Sufyan travelled back and forth between Mecca and Muhammad, still trying to reach a settlement. According to the sources, he found assistance in Muhammad's uncle [[Abbas ibn Abd-al-Muttalib|Al-Abbas]], though some scholars consider that historians writing under the rule of Abbas' descendants, the Abbasid dynasty, had exaggerated Abbas' role and downplayed the role of Sufyan, who was the ancestor of the Abbaside's enemies.<ref name="Glubb">John Glubb, The Life and Times of Muhammad, Lanham 1998, p. 304-310.</ref>
 
On the eve of the conquest, Abu Sufyan adopted Islam. When asked by Muhammad, he conceded that the Meccan gods had proved powerless and that there were indeed "no god but God", the first part of the Islamic confession of faith. When asked about the second part, the prophethood of Muhammad, Abu Sufyan still expressed some doubt but eventually yielded to threats, issued according to different sources by either [[Abbas]] or [[Umar]].<ref name="Glubb"/> In turn, Muhammad declared Abu Sufyan's house a sanctuary:
{{Cquote|All those who lays down arms are safe. All those in the house of Abu Sufyan are safe. All those behind locked doors are safe.<ref>[http://www.alwaraq.com/Core/AlwaraqSrv/bookpage?book=32&fkey=2&page=329 Page 329], ''[[The Complete History (book)|Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh]]'' by ''[[Ibn al-Athir]]'' {{ar_icon}}.</ref>}}
 
=== Kasniji život ===
 
After the conquest of Mecca, Abu Sufyan fought as one of Muhammad's lieutenants in the subsequent wars. During the [[Siege of Taif]], he lost an eye. According to Muslim tradition, he asked Muhammed to put his eye ball back in, to which Muhammad replied: "Which would you prefer: An eye in heaven or shall I pray to Allah that he brings it back?", at which point Abu Sufyan preferred an eye in heaven and threw it away.<ref>[http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=62 www.sahaba.net]</ref>
 
When Muhammed died in [[632]], Abu Sufyan was in charge of [[Najran]]. He offered his help to Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law [[Ali]] to make him [[Succession to Muhammad|Caliph]], but Ali refused.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
 
Abu Sufyan also fought in the [[Battle of Yarmouk]] in [[636]], in which he lost his second eye.<ref>[http://www.alwaraq.net/Core/AlwaraqSrv/bookpage?book=32&fkey=2&page=393 Page 393], ''[[The Complete History (book)|Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh]]'' by ''[[Ibn al-Athir]]'' {{ar_icon}}.<br> [http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=62 www.sahaba.net] </ref>
 
Abu Sufyan died at the age of ninety-five in [[650]] at [[Medina]]. His kinsman [[Uthman]], who had become the third [[Caliph]] in [[644]] led the prayer on him.
 
== Naslijeđe ==
 
Abu Sufyan's son Muawiyah became the founder of the [[Umayyad]] dynasty, the first Muslim dynasty which ruled the Islamic realm for a century from 661 to 750.
 
Sunni view him as an upright Sahabi, since [[Sunni view of the Sahaba|they view all Sahaba]] as upright. The fact that Abu Sufyan fought for the Muslims and sacrificed his eyes in battle is held as further evidence for his uprightness. Sunnis hold that since Caliph Uthman led Abu Sufyan's funeral prayer, he could not have been a hypocrite. (See Sahih Bukhari 2:23:359) They also cite Muhammad himself, who didn't call Abu Sufyan as an infidel when the latter accepted Islam and by offering him the choice between having an eye in heaven or on earth, supposed that Abu Sufyan would enter heaven.
 
Shi'a have a very dim view of both his personality and life. Shi'a view him as a [[munafiq|hypocrite]] that managed to infiltrate Islamic ranks and be included among the Muslims.<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/shia4.txt www.al-islam.org]</ref>
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== Reference ==
Preuzeto iz "https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebu-Sufjan"