Razlika između verzija stranice "Biološka raznolikost"

'''Biološka raznolikost''' (''bioraznolikost'', ''biodiverzitet'') ([[Grčki jezik|grč.]] βiοs - "bios" + [[Latinski jezik|lat.]] ''diverssus'', particip prošli od ''dīvertere'' = "da se skrene") jeste pojam koji opisuje činjenicu da na Zemlji nisu nikad postojala, ne postoje, niti (teorijski) mogu postojati dva biološki istovjetna živa sistema. Bioraznolikost izumrlih i postojećih oblika života i njihovih zajednica možemo proučavati na razini sveukupnog živog svijeta i viših [[sistematske kategorije|sistematskih kategorija]] (organizacionih tipova ili [[porodica]], naprimjer), među posmatranim [[vrsta]]ma živih bića ili među istovrsnim [[jedinka]]ma i njihovim različito definiranim skupinama. Bioraznolikost je, dakle, sveukupno stanje i ukupni biološki potencijal promjenljivosti, odnosno izvorni uslov opstanka žive supstance na [[Zemlja|Zemlji]].<ref>Bendall R.(1996): Biodiversity: the follow up to Rio. The Globe 30:4-5, April 1996.</ref><ref>Global Environmental Change (1995): Human and Policy Implications. Special issue on People, Land Management and Environmental Change, Vol. 3, No. 4.</ref><ref>Heywood, V.H., Ed. (1995): Global Biodiversity Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Published for UNEP, Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, ISBN 0 521 56403 4; ISBN 0 521 56481. 6</ref><ref>Heywood V. H. (1996): The Global Biodiversity Assessment". The Globe, 30:2-4.</ref><ref>http://www.un.org/earthwatch/biodiversity/assessment.html</ref><ref>Juha U. I., Ono A. (1996): Population, Land Management and Environmental Change. The United Nations University, Tokyo.</ref>

Iako u tom pogledu postoje različite procjene, smatra se da je do danas na našoj planeti poznato preko milion životinjskih i pola miliona biljnih vrsta, a da, skupa sa neopisanim oblicima, taj broj doseže opseg i 3–10 miliona. Jedna od njih je i vrsta ''Homo sapiens'' (“čovjek razumni”), koja obuhvata sve ljude današnjice i njihove neposredne fosilne pretke.<ref>Cockell C. (2006). Biological processes associated with impact events ESF IMPACT (1. ed.). Berlin: Springer Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-25735-6.</ref><ref>Dasmann R. F. (1968) A Different kind of country. MacMillan Company, New York, ISBN 0-02-072810-7.</ref><ref>Wilson E. O., Peter F. M. Eds (1988): Biodiversity. National Academy Press, New York, ISBN 0-309-03783-2 ; ISBN 0-309-03739-5 (pbk.), online Edition.</ref><ref>Global Biodiversity Assessment (1995): Biodiversity, Glossary of terms related to the CBD – UNEP, Annex 6, Glossary. Belgian Clearing-Hous, Bruxelles, ISBN 0-521-56481-6.</ref><ref>Hawksworth D. L. (1996). Biodiversity: measurement and estimation. Springer Verlag Stuttgart, ISBN 978-0-412-75220-9.</ref><ref>Edward O., Wilson E. O. (2002). The Future of Life. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, ISBN 0-679-45078-5.</ref><ref>Rashid H. M., Scholes R., Ash N. (2006). Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends : findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press, ISBN 978-1-55963-228-7.</ref><ref>Van Dyke F. (2008). Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, Suttgart, ISBN 978-1-4020-6890-4.</ref><ref>Hunter M. L. (1996). Fundamentals of Conservation Biology. Blackwell Science Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts. ISBN 0-86542-371-7.</ref><ref>Levin, S. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press, ISBN 9780123847195.</ref><ref>Leveque, C. & J. Mounolou (2003) Biodiversity. New York: John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-84957-6</ref><ref>Margulis, L., DolanDelisle, Delisle,D. K., Lyons, C. Diversity of Life: The Illustrated Guide to the Five Kingdoms. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 0-7637-0862-3</ref><ref>What is biodiversity?. United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre.</ref>

*varijacija ({{en|variation}}) primarno odnosi na '''prostornu''' ili sinhroničnu nejednakost '''različitih''' bioloških sistema.<ref>Burns E., Kind F., Meister K., Noack W. (1989): Das Biobuch. Verlag Moritz Diesterweg, Frankfurt am Main.</ref><ref>Cavalli–Sforza L. L., Bodmer W. F. (1999): The Genetics of Human Populations. Dover Publications, Mineola, New York.</ref><ref>Hennig W. (2002): Genetik. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.</ref><ref>King R. C., Stansfield W. D. (1999): A Dictionary of Genetics. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-509441-7; ISBN 0-19-509442-5 (pbk).</ref><ref>Lawrence E., Ed. (1999): Henderson's Dictionary of Biological Terms. Longman, London.</ref><ref>Mayr E. (1970): Populations, Species, and Evolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.</ref><ref>Mayr E. (1988): Toward a New Philosophy of Biology – Observations of an Evolutionist. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.</ref><ref>Rieger R., Michaelis A., Green M. M. (1991): Glossary of Genetics and Cytogenetics – Classical and Molecular. Springer–Verlag, Berlin.</ref><ref>Hadžiselimović R. (2005): Bioantropologija – Biodiverzitet recentnog čovjeka. Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju (INGEB), Sarajevo, ISBN 9958—93449958-9344-2-6.</ref>

* [http://www.greenfacts.org/biodiversity/index.htm Greenfacts]

* [http://www.actionbioscience.org/index.html ActionBioscience], Projekat Američkog instituta za biološke nauke.

* [http://www.biodiv.org/convention/ Konvencija o biološkoj raznolikosti]

* [http://www.law-ref.org/CBD/index.html Konvencija biološke raznolikosti pri law-ref.org] - Indeksirano.

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biodiversity/ Stanfordova enciklopedija: bioraznolikost]

* [http://stort.unep-wcmc.org/imaps/gb2002/book/viewer.htm Biogeografija bioraznolikosti], Interaktivno.