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Red 1: {{Infokutija država\| izvorno_ime=Монгол Улс<br/>Mongol Uls<br/>Mongolija\| zvanično_ime=Mongolija\| zastava=Flag of Mongolia.svg\| Red 9: vrsta_prve_vlasti=Predsjednik\| vladar_prva_vlast=[[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]]\| vrsta_druge_vlasti=Predsjednik vlade\| vladar_druga_vlast=[[Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj]]\| po_površini_na_svijetu=18.\| Red 25: \|}} '''Mongolija''' (na [[mongolski jezik\|mongolskom]], ''Монгол Улс'', "zemlja Mongola") je [[kontinentalni\|kontinentalna]] [[država]] u [[Srednja Azija\|Srednjoj Aziji]], koja graniči sa [[Rusija\|Rusijom]] na sjeveru i [[Kina\|Kinom]] na jugu. Mongolija je bila središnji dio [[Mongolsko carstvo\|Mongolskog carstva]] u [[13. vijek]]u, no od kraja [[18. vijek]]a, zemljom je vladala kineska [[Qing loza]]. [[1921]], Mongolija je postala nezavisna, i uz pomoć [[Sovjetski Savez\|Sovjetskog Saveza]] postala je komunistička država. Nakon raspada Sovjetskog Saveza, Mongolija je prihvatila demokratiju kao politički sistem.▼ Mongolija ima malo obradivog zemljišta; dobar dio njene površine su pašnjaci, sa planinama na sjeveru zemlje i [[Pustinja Gobi\|Pustinjom Gobi]] na jugu. Nešto više od 30% stanovništva su [[nomadi\|nomadski]] ili polunomadski [[tibetski budisti]] [[mongol]]skog etničkog porijekla. Preko 50% stanovništva živi u [[glavni grad\|glavnom gradu]], [[Ulaanbaatar]]u.▼ ▲'''Mongolija''' (na [[mongolski jezik\|mongolskom]], ''Монгол Улс'', "zemlja Mongola") je [[kontinentalni\|kontinentalna]] [[država]] u [[Srednja Azija\|Srednjoj Aziji]], koja graniči sa [[Rusija\|Rusijom]] na sjeveru i [[Kina\|Kinom]] na jugu. Mongolija je bila središnji dio [[Mongolsko carstvo\|Mongolskog carstva]] u [[13. vijek]]u, no od kraja [[18. vijek]]a, zemljom je vladala kineska [[Qing loza]]. [[1921]], Mongolija je postala nezavisna, i uz pomoć [[Sovjetski Savez\|Sovjetskog Saveza]] postala je komunistička država. Nakon raspada Sovjetskog Saveza, Mongolija je prihvatila demokratiju kao politički sistem. ▲Mongolija ima malo obradivog zemljišta; dobar dio njene površine su pašnjaci, sa planinama na sjeveru zemlje i [[Pustinja Gobi\|Pustinjom Gobi]] na jugu. Nešto više od 30% stanovništva su [[nomadi\|nomadski]] ili polunomadski [[tibetski budisti]] [[mongol]]skog etničkog porijekla. Preko 50% stanovništva živi u [[glavni grad\|glavnom gradu]], [[Ulaanbaatar]]u. == Historija == <!-- Before the 13th century, the land of Mongolia was occupied by various nomadic tribes. Although, there have been Mongol confederacies before, they never lasted. In the late 12th century, a minor warlord named Temujin, convinced of his Heaven's mandate, began a long struggle to unite Mongol tribes. In [[1206]], in a ceremonious setting, Temujin was crowned the Chingis Khaan ([[Genghis Khan]]), and the nation of Mongolia took its current shape. In the [[13th century]], Mongolia was the center of the [[Mongol Empire]], the largest contiguous land [[empire]] in world history. After more than a century of power, the Mongol Empire disintegrated and Mongols fell into a state of internal feuds and adopted a corrupt version of [[Buddhism]], the [[Lamaism]], which paved the way for the [[Manchu]] submission of [[Inner Mongolia]] in [[1636]] and the conquest of [[Outer Mongolia]] in [[1691]]. Under more than 200 years of Manchu-Chinese [[oppression]], Mongols suffered tremendous losses to its [[demographics]] and [[mentality]]. Mongolia declared independence in [[1911]], but only [[Outer Mongolia]] gained partial independence. After the [[October Revolution]] in Russia, Chinese troops led by [[Hsü Shu-Cheng]] re-occupied Outer Mongolia in [[1919]], but were caught in the middle when [[White]] and [[Red]] Russian armies extended the [[Russian Civil War]] into (Outer) Mongolian territory, and were driven out in [[1921]]. In [[1924]], the [[People's Republic of Mongolia\|Mongolian People's Republic]] was proclaimed. Mongolia was aligned closely with the [[Soviet Union]]. Politicians who demanded a more capitalist course and who dissented against collective prosperity, like Bodoo or Dandzan, quickly became unpopular. In 1928 [[Horloogiyn Choybalsan]] rose to power. Under his administration, forced but productive [[collective farming\|collectivisation]], and the destruction of [[Lama]]ist [[monastery\|monasteries]] in [[1937]] left more than 10,000 arm-bearing insurgent lamas dead. Line 49 ⟶ 46: == Politika == <!-- Until June 27, 2004 the predominant party in Mongolia was the [[Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] or MPRP, which was formed by Mongolia's communist leaders after the end of the Cold War. The main opposition party was the [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)\|Democratic Party]] or DP, which controlled a governing coalition from [[1996]] to [[2000]]. From 2000 to 2004 MPRP was back in power, but results of the 2004 elections required the establishing of the first ever coalition government in Mongolia between the MPRP and MDC (Motherland Democratic Coalition). The state employs a [[dual executive]] system with an elected president as [[head of state]] and a prime minister as [[head of government]]. The legislature, or [[State Great Khural]], has one chamber with 76 seats and is chaired by the speaker of the house. --> Line 63 ⟶ 59: <!-- * [[Arhangay Province\|Arhangay]] * [[Bayan-Ölgiy Province\|Bayan-Ölgiy]] * [[Bayanhongor Province\|Bayanhongor]] * [[Bulgan Province\|Bulgan]] * [[Darhan-Uul Province\|Darhan-Uul]] * [[Dornod Province\|Dornod]] * [[Dornogovi Province\|Dornogovĭ]] * [[Dundgovi Province\|Dundgovĭ]] * [[Govi-Altay Province\|Govĭ-Altay]] * [[Govisümber Province\|Govĭsümber]] * [[Hentiy Province\|Hentiy]] * [[Hovd Province\|Hovd]] * [[Hövsgöl Province\|Hövsgöl]] * [[Ömnögovi Province\|Ömnögovĭ]] * [[Orhon Province\|Orhon]] * [[Övörhangay Province\|Övörhangay]] * [[Selenge Province\|Selenge]] * [[Sühbaatar Province\|Sühbaatar]] * [[Töv Province\|Töv]] * [[Ulaanbaatar]] (municipality) * [[Uvs Province\|Uvs]] * [[Zavhan Province\|Zavhan]] --> Line 91 ⟶ 87: <!-- The Mongolian heartland consists of relatively flat [[steppe]]s. The southern portion of the country is taken up by the [[Gobi Desert]], while the northern and western portions are mountainous. [[Uvs Nuur Lake]], shared with [[Tuva Republic]] of the [[Russian Federation]], is a natural [[World Heritage Site]]. Most of the country is hot in the summer and extremely cold in the winter, with January averages dropping as low as -30°C (-22°F). Line 102 ⟶ 98: [[Image:Mongolia_5000_tugruk.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Novčanica od 5000 tugruka]] <!-- Mongolia's economy is centered on agriculture and mining. Mongolia's main mining products are [[petroleum]], [[coal]] and [[copper]], with smaller industries in [[molybdenum]], [[tungsten]], and [[phosphate]] mining. Following decades of state-run enterprise, the economy has undergone an often-painful transition to [[capitalism]]; many industrial facilities were closed down with the end of the Soviet Union, which supported the largely loss-making factories. There are currently over 30,000 independent businesses in Mongolia, chiefly centered around the capital city. The majority of the population outside the cities subsists on sustenance herding; livestock typically consists of cows, sheep, goats, horses and Bactrian camels. GDP per capita is about $602 in nominal terms, but adjusted for purchasing power this comes to around $2,046. Although GDP has risen steadily since 2002, the state is still working to overcome a sizable trade deficit. A massive ($11 billion) foreign debt to Russia was settled by the Mongolian government in 2004 with a $300 million payment; this reduced value was accepted due to Mongolian hardship and losses of human lives during the Soviet Era. Mongolia joined the [[World Trade Organization]] in [[1997]] and now exports [[cashmere]], minerals, and food products to Russia, the United States, China, Japan, Italy, and other countries. --> Line 110 ⟶ 106: <!-- Most Mongolians are [[Mongol]] in descent: there are also smaller populations of [[Kazakh]] and [[Tungus]] people. The predominant religion is [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. As in many developing countries, Mongolia's young and rapidly growing population has put great strains on its economy. --> == Kultura == == Vanjski linkovi == * [http://www.mongoliantravel.com/gobi.asp Gobi Desert] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mg.html CIA World Factbook - Mongolia] * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mntoc.html Country Studies - Mongolia] offers background information on Mongolia * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/Mongolia/ Dmoz - Mongolia Links] * [http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Mongolia.html Encyclopedia of the Nations - Mongolia] * [http://www.tanemahuta.com/mongolia2004/ Plants of Mongolia] * [http://www.gateway.mn/index.php?newlang=english Mongolia Gateway portal] * [http://www.mongoliatoday.com/ Mongolia Today Magazine] * [http://www.open-government.mn Mongolian Open Government] (in Mongolian and English) * [http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/ Mongolian Tourist Board] * [http://mongoluls.net/ Mongoluls.net - Information on Mongolia] * [http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/ The UB Post] Mongolia's Independent English Weekly News * [http://www.21DaysInMongolia.co.uk/ 21 Days In Mongolia] Backpacking in Mongolia * [http://www.slackertravel.com/pictures/Mongolia/mongolia.html Collection of pictures from Mongolia sorted by province] * [http://www.mongoliaphoto.com/ Photo session In Mongolia] Mongolia photo * [http://www.altaimongolia.com/ Tourism In Mongolia] Tourism In Mongolia * [http://www.willgoto.com/328/1/categories.aspx Travel guide to Mongolia] * [http://www.geocities.com/ulsuud Flags and arms of the aymags of Mongolia] * [http://www.mongoliantravel.com Travel to Mongolia] [[Category:Zemlje Srednje Azije]] [[Category:Mongolija\|*]] {{Države Azije}} Line 162 ⟶ 153: [[fi:Mongolia]] [[fr:Mongolie]] [[gl:~~Mongolia~~ Mongolia_- ~~Монгол Улс~~_Монгол_Улс]] [[he:מונגוליה]] [[hr:Mongolija]] Line 181 ⟶ 172: [[lv:Mongolija]] [[mi:Mongōria]] [[mn:~~Монгол улс~~Монгол_улс]] [[mo:Монголия]] [[ms:Mongolia]] Line 206 ⟶ 197: [[tr:Moğolistan]] [[uk:Монголія]] [[vi:~~Mông Cổ~~Mông_Cổ]] [[zh:蒙古国]] [[zh-min-nan:Bông-kó·]]

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