Razlika između verzija stranice "Ebu-Sufjan"

'''Ebu-Sufjan''', ili punim imenom '''Ebu-Sufjan Sakhr ibn Harb''', ({{ArJ|صخر بن حرب}} ), je bio vođa [[Kurejš]]a [[Meka|Meke]] i najveći protivnik Poslaniku [[Muhammed]]u, ali je kasnije prihvatio [[islam]] i postao jedan od Poslanikovih [[ashabi|ashaba]]. Također je poznat i kao otac [[halifa|halife]] [[Muavija ibn Ebu-Sufjan|Muavije ibn Ebu-Sufjana]], osnivača [[Dinastija Emevijja|dinastije Emevijja]].

 

 

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Abu Sufyan was the chieftain of the [[Banu Abd-Shams]] clan of the [[Quraish]] tribe, which made him one of the most powerful and well respected men in [[Mecca]]. Abu Sufyan viewed Muhammad as a threat to Mecca's social order, a man aiming for political power and a blasphemer of the Quraish gods.

When the Quraish issued several acts of persecution to dissuade conversion to Islam, Abu Sufyan's daughter Ramlah was among those [[Migration to Abyssinia|emigrating to Abyssinia for refuge]].

 

 

After Muhammad had migrated to Medina in [[622]], Muslim raids threatened the caravans coming in from Syria to Mecca. In [[624]], Abu Sufyan was the leader of such a caravan and as a Muslim force moved to intercept him, he called for help from the Quraish. This resulted in the [[Battle of Badr]], which ended in a Muslim victory. Abu Sufyan however managed to bring his caravan home to Mecca. The death of most Quraish leaders in the battle left him the leader of Mecca.

Eventually the two parties would agree to an armistice, the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyya]] in [[628]], which allowed Muslims to make the pilgrimage to the Kaaba.

 

 

When the armistice was violated in [[630]] by allies of the Quraish, Muhammad moved towards conquering Mecca. Abu Sufyan, sensing that the balances were now tilted in [[Muhammad]]'s favour and that the Quraish were not strong enough to hinder the Muslims from conquering the city, travelled to Medina, trying to restore the treaty. During his stay, he was repulsed by Ali and by his own daughter Ramlah, who now was one of Muhammad's wives. Though Muhammad refused to reach an agreement and Abu Sufyan returned to Mecca empty handed, these efforts ultimately ensured that the conquest occurred without battle or bloodshed.

{{Cquote|All those who lays down arms are safe. All those in the house of Abu Sufyan are safe. All those behind locked doors are safe.<ref>[http://www.alwaraq.com/Core/AlwaraqSrv/bookpage?book=32&fkey=2&page=329 Page 329], ''[[The Complete History (book)|Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh]]'' by ''[[Ibn al-Athir]]'' {{ar_icon}}.</ref>}}

 

 

After the conquest of Mecca, Abu Sufyan fought as one of Muhammad's lieutenants in the subsequent wars. During the [[Siege of Taif]], he lost an eye. According to Muslim tradition, he asked Muhammed to put his eye ball back in, to which Muhammad replied: "Which would you prefer: An eye in heaven or shall I pray to Allah that he brings it back?", at which point Abu Sufyan preferred an eye in heaven and threw it away.<ref>[http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=62 www.sahaba.net]</ref>

 

 

Abu Sufyan also fought in the [[Battle of Yarmouk]] in [[636]], in which he lost his second eye.<ref>[http://www.alwaraq.net/Core/AlwaraqSrv/bookpage?book=32&fkey=2&page=393 Page 393], ''[[The Complete History (book)|Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh]]'' by ''[[Ibn al-Athir]]'' {{ar_icon}}.<br> [http://www.sahaba.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=62 www.sahaba.net] </ref>

Abu Sufyan died at the age of ninety-five in [[650]] at [[Medina]]. His kinsman [[Uthman]], who had become the third [[Caliph]] in [[644]] led the prayer on him.

 

 

Abu Sufyan's son Muawiyah became the founder of the [[Umayyad]] dynasty, the first Muslim dynasty which ruled the Islamic realm for a century from 661 to 750.

Shi'a have a very dim view of both his personality and life. Shi'a view him as a [[munafiq|hypocrite]] that managed to infiltrate Islamic ranks and be included among the Muslims.<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/shia4.txt www.al-islam.org]</ref>

 

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*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/history/biographies/sahaabah/bio.RAMLAH_BINT_ABI_SUFYAN.html Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan bio]

*[http://www.damascus-online.com/se/bio/muawiyah.htm Muawiyah I bio]

{{sahaba}}

 

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[[ar:أبو سفيان بن حرب]]