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'''Ereb''' ([[grčki jezik|grč.]] '''Ἔρεϐος''', ''Erebos'')<ref>{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=[[Longman]]|isbn=9781405881180}}</ref> praiskonski je [[bog]], [[personifikacija]] tame i sjene koja je ispunjavala sve kutove svijeta. [[Hesiod|Hesiodova]]ova ''Teogonija ''ga identificira kao jedno od prvih pet postojećih bića, rođenih iz [[Haos (mitologija)|Haosa]] i [[Nikta|Niktin]] brat s kojom je imao kćer [[Hemera|Hemeru]] i sina [[Eter (mitologija)|Etera]]. Ujedno je to naziv i za dio [[Had (podzemni svijet)|podzemnog svijeta]].
 
==Etimologija==
[[Riječ]] Ereb vjerovatno dolazi iz [[indoeuropski prajezik|praindoeuropskog]] [[jezik]]a, ''*hregwos'',<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], str. 451.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=erebus&searchmode=none|title=Online Etymology Dictionary: Erebus|last=Harper|first=Douglas|access-date=1. 7. 2011}}</ref> koja ima svoju srodnu riječ u starom nordijskom jeziku ''roekkr'', [[gotski|gotskom]] ''riqis'' = tama, [[sanskrt]] ''rajani'' = noć,<ref name=Erebos>{{LSJ|*)/erebos|Ἔρεβος|ref}}.</ref> [[toharski|toharskom]] ''orkäm'' = tama. Još jedna mogućnost jest da je riječ posuđena iz [[hebrejski jezik|hebrejskog jezika]] - ''erebh'' i [[akadski|akadskog jezika]] -''erebu'' = zalazak sunca, večer (otuda povezanost s tamom). Ista [[etimologija]] "zalaska sunca" predložena je i za [[Evropa|Evropu]].
 
== Mitologija ==
[[Hesiod|Hesiodova]]ova Teogonija (8. vijek p. n. e.) prikazuje Ereba kao potomka [[Haos|Haosa]]a,<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+116 116&#x2013;124]; Gantz, str. 4; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA23 str. 23]; Fowler, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 str. 5]; Caldwell, str. 6.</ref> i kao brata [[Nikta|Nikte]], po kome je on otac [[Eter|Etera]]a i [[Hemera|Hemere]].<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+116 124&#x2013;126]; Gantz, str. 4; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA24 str. 24]; Caldwell, p. 6; Smith, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DE%3Aentry+group%3D6%3Aentry%3Derebos-bio-1 s.v. E'rebos].</ref>
 
Prema [[Higin|Higinovim]]ovim ''Fabulama'', Ereb, [[Nikta]] (Noć), [[Eter (mitologija)|Eter]] i [[Dies]] (Dan) su potomci [[Haos (mitologija)|Haosa]] i Kaligine (Magle); a Ereb, po Noksu, je otac Sudbine, Starosti, Smrti, Uništenja, Svađe, Sna, Snova, Zamišljenosti, Hedimela, Porfiriona, Epafa, Nesloge, Jada, Gnušanja, Neprijatelja, Vedrine, Prijateljstva, Sažaljenja, Stiksa, Parcae (Clotho, Lachesis i Atropos) i Hesperides (Aegle, Hesperia i Erythea).<ref>[[Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' Theogony 1 (Smith and Trzaskoma, str. 95).</ref>
 
U Ciceronovom De Natura Deorum, sljedeća se priča da su djeca Erebusa i Noxa (Noći): Eter, Umire (Dan), Amor (Ljubav), Dolus (Prevara), Metus (Strah), Rad (Trud) , Invidentia (Zavist), Fatum (Sudbina), Senectus (Starost), Mors (Smrt), Tenebrae (Tama), Miseria (Jad), Querella (Lamentacija), Gratia (Usluga), Fraus (Prevara), Pertinacia (Tvrdoglavost ), Parcae (Sudbine), Hesperide i Somnia (Snovi).<ref>[[Cicero]], ''[[De Natura Deorum]]'' [https://archive.org/details/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft/page/328/mode/2up?view=theater 3.44].</ref>
 
Kosmogonija koja se pripisuje [[Alkman|Alkmanu]]u (7. vijek p. n. e.) očigledno čini Ereba četvrtim bićem koje je nastalo, posle Tetide, Porosa i Tekmora.<ref>[[Alcman]], [https://archive.org/details/greeklyric0002unse/page/392/mode/2up?view=theater fr. 5 Campbell (pp. 392&#x2013;395)].</ref>
 
U [[Aristofan|Aristofanovoj]]ovoj komediji Ptice, [[Haos (mitologija)|Haos]], Ereb, [[Nikta]] i [[Tartar (pakao)|Tartar]] bili su prva bića, prije postojanja zemlje, zraka ili neba.<ref>[[Aristophanes]], [[The Birds (play)| ''Birds'']] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0019,006:694&lang=original 690&#x2013;694].</ref> Nikta je "složila jaje bez klica u njedra beskrajnih dubina Ereba", iz kojih je došao [[Eros]].[11] [[Eter (mitologija)|Eter]] se takođe naziva Erebovim sinom.<ref>[[Aristophanes]], [[The Birds (play)| ''Birds'']] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0019,006:694&lang=original 1191&#x2013;1194].</ref>
 
Ereb funkcioniše kao neantropomorfizirana personifikacija Tame u ''Teogoniji'', a malo se pojavljuje u grčkoj mitološkoj tradiciji i književnosti. Iako ne igra nikakvu aktivnu ulogu božanstva u kasnijim radovima, "Ereb" se koristi kao naziv za region grčkog podzemlja gde mrtvi prolaze odmah nakon umiranja, a ponekad se koristi naizmenično sa [[Tartar (pakao)|Tartarom]].<ref>For example, later in the ''[[Theogony]]'', the word "Erebus" is used to refer to the place below the earth to which [[Menoetius]] is sent by [[Zeus]], and from which the [[Hecatoncheires]] are brought. ([[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D507 510&#x2013;517], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+668&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130 668&#x2013;671]; Gantz, str. 4) The name is also used multiple times by [[Homer]] to refer to the [[underworld]] (''[[Iliad]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D8%3Acard%3D335 8.366&#x2013;369], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+9.572&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134 9.565&#x2013;573], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D16%3Acard%3D306 16.325&#x2013;329]; ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D10%3Acard%3D503 10.526&#x2013;529], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+11.37&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136 11.37-39]; Gantz, str. 4.); according to Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA24 p. 24], the word was used "quite often from the time of Homer onwards as a poetic name for the Underworld in its nature as a realm of gloom". (See also in the [[Homeric Hymns| "Homeric Hymn"]] to [[Demeter]] (2), [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=HH+2.335&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138 335&#x2013;339], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D2%3Acard%3D347 347&#x2013;349].) In [[Ovid]]'s ''[[Metamorphoses]]'', [[Proserpina]] is called the "queen of Erebus" ([http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D5%3Acard%3D487 5.572&#x2013;573]), the underworld deities are called the "gods of Erebus" ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=10:card=1 10.74]), and [[Circe]] "invoke[s] the aid of Night ([[Nyx]]) and all the gods of Night from Erebus and Chaos" ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=14:card=320 14.394&#x2013;396]). Similarly, in [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Fall of Troy]]'', [https://archive.org/details/falloftroy00quin/page/496/mode/2up?view=theater 12.18&#x2013;19]: "When rose the dawn ([[Eos]]), and thrust back kindly night ([[Nyx]]) [t]o Erebus...".</ref><ref name="Elizabeth">{{cite book|last= Elizabeth|first= Alice|title= The Sources of Spenser's Classical Mythology|year= 1896|publisher= Silver, Burdett and Company|location= New York|pages= [https://archive.org/details/thesourcesofspenser00randuoft/page/52 52], [https://archive.org/details/thesourcesofspenser00randuoft/page/55 55]|isbn=9780598920058|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5g1LAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="Morford">
{{cite book|last=Morford|first=Mark P. O.|title=Classical Mythology: Sixth Edition |year= 1999|publisher= Oxford University Press US|location= New York|isbn= 0-19-514338-8|pages= 36, 84, 253, 263, 271}}, {{ISBN|9780195143386}}</ref><ref name="Rengel">{{cite book|last= Rengel |first=Marian|title=Greek and Roman Mythology A to Z|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn= 978-1-60413-412-4|pages= 51}}, {{ISBN|9781604134124}}</ref><ref name="Turner">{{cite book |last= Turner|first= Patricia|title= Dictionary of Ancient Deities|year= 2001|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-514504-6|page=170}}, {{ISBN|9780195145045}}</ref>