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'''Alpine style''' is [[mountaineering]] in a [[self-sufficiency|self-sufficient]] manner, thereby carrying all of one's food, shelter and equipment as one climbs,<ref name=SolesPowers2003>{{cite book|last1=Soles|first1=Clyde|last2=Powers|first2=Phil|title=Climbing: Expedition Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHlA-R9klR8C|year=2003|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|isbn=978-0-89886-770-1|page=27}}</ref> as opposed to [[expedition style]] (or siege style) mountaineering which involves setting up a fixed line of stocked camps on the mountain which can be accessed at one's leisure. Additionally, alpine style climbing means the refusal of [[fixed ropes]], high-altitude porters, supplemental [[Bottled oxygen (climbing)|oxygen]] and [[portable hyperbaric bag]].
{{Infokutija vjerski objekt
| ime = Rongbuk manastir
| slika = File:Rongbuk Monastery with yaks.jpg
| veličina_slike = 250px
| alt_slike =
| opis_slike =
| vrsta_karte =
| veličina_karte =
| reljef_karte =
| opis_karte =
| lokacija = [[Mount Everest]]
| geografska_širina =
| geografska_dužina =
| religijska_pripadnost = [[Tibetantski budizam]]
| država = [[Kina]]
| provincija =
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| web_stranica =
| organisational_status =
| arhitekt =
| arhitektonski_tip = [[Budistički manastir]]
| arhitektonski_stil =
| osnivač = [[Ngawang Tenzin Norbu]]
| osnovano_od_strane = [[Nyingma]] Tibetanska budustička škola
| glavni_ugovarač =
| smjer_fasade =
| kamen_temeljac =
| godina_dovršetka = 1902.
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'''Rongbuk manastir''' pripada [[Nyingma]] školi koja je najstarija od četiri glavne škole [[Tibetantski budizam|Tibetanskog budizma]]. Nalazi se u oblasti [[Tibet]], koja je oblast gdje je ova religija dominantna. Religija je raširena i u regijama koje okružuju Himalaje [[Bhutan]], [[Ladakh]] i [[Sikkim]]), zatim u centralnoj Aziji, u južnom Sibiru (Tuva i Mongolia) i [[Kina|Kini]].<ref>[https://www.colorado.edu/APS/landscapes/tibet/everest.htm Rongbuk manastir i područje Everesta - colorado.edu]</ref>
==Lokacija==
Nalazi se sjeverne strane [[Mount Everest]] na visini 5009 m. iznad nivoa mora, što ga svrstava na drugo mjesto po nadmorskoj visini vjerskih objekata ove vrste. Za [[Šerpa (narod)|Šerpe]] koji žive sa južne strane Everesta u [[Khumbu]] oblasti u [[Nepal]]u, Rongbuk manastir bio je jedno važno mjesto hodoćašća, na koje su dolazili putujući nekoliko dana preko [[Himalaji|Himalaja]] kroz prolaz [[Nangpa La]].<ref>[https://www.onceinalifetimejourney.com/once-in-a-lifetime-journeys/guide-tibet/ Rongbuk manastir]</ref>
 
==Rise in popularity==
Manastir su redovno posjećivali i pripadnici prvih britanskih ekspedicija na Mount Everest u prvoj polovini XX vijeka, nakon svakodnevnog pješačenja od pet sedmica, od [[Darjeeling]]a u [[Indija|Indiji]]i. Mnoge kasnije i sadašnje ekspedicije koje idu na uspon sa sjeverne strane podižu svoj [[Bazni kampovi (Mount Everest)|Bazni kamp]] na [[Rongbuk (lednik)]]u, na udaljenosti 8 km. južno od manastira.
Many consider alpine style to be the most aesthetically "pure" form of mountaineering,<ref name=SolesPowers2003/> setting a standard to which all mountaineers should aspire. This style became well-known and popular with [[Reinhold Messner]], when he and [[Peter Habeler]] climbed [[Gasherbrum I]] (K5) without oxygen equipment in 1975. Earlier, [[Wojciech Kurtyka]] began alpine-style climbing at high altitudes (1972 - Akher Tsagh (7017 m) and Kohe Tez (7015 m)). It was [[Hermann Buhl]]'s idea to demonstrate alpine style in the [[Karakoram]] at the successful Austrian [[Broad Peak]] expedition in 1957; in pure alpine style the members of this expedition later climbed [[Skil Brum]] ([[Marcus Schmuck]] and [[Fritz Wintersteller]]) and approached [[Chogolisa]] ([[Hermann Buhl]] and [[Kurt Diemberger]]).
 
==Benefits==
[[File:Rongbuk Monastery L1080321.jpg|mini|desno|Rongbuk manastir sa Mount Everestom u pozadini (sjeverna strana)]]
The benefits of alpine style include spending much less time on the route, thereby reducing objective dangers such as [[avalanche]]s or [[blizzard]]s. This can be a major factor on routes with ice fields full of blocks of ice hundreds of feet tall which could fall at any time. Snow and icy conditions often change over the course of a day forcing climbing parties to climb in the early hours before the sun melts the snow or ice making it unsuitable and more susceptible to avalanche. This tendency to climb in the morning has led to the term "Alpine Start". An "Alpine Start" is an early start that ranges from starting at 11:00pm of the night before on long routes, to not long before sunrise for shorter routes or faster parties. An "Alpine Start" must begin in the dark.
Manastir je osnovao 1902 [[Ngawang Tenzin Norbu]], [[Nyingmapa]] Lama, na mjestu gdje su se od XVIII vijeku obavljale molitve i meditacije, u pećinama i improvizovanim kolibama, i danas raspoređenim oko manastirskog kompleksa, u dolini i brdima. Na tom prostoru nalaze se i brojne kamene ploče ili stijene sa natpisima iz Budizma.
 
==Challenges==
Rongbuk Monastery was completely destroyed by the excesses of China's Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) by 1974, and was left in ruins for several years, as recorded by photo-journalist Galen Rowell in 1981
The problems encountered while alpine style climbing are related to lack of support and potentially the lack of [[Effects of high altitude on humans|acclimatization]] associated with spending less time at very high altitudes. Without fixed ropes to retreat down in case of emergency, or a lower camp to return to, the commitment of alpine style is greater than expedition style in terms of the choice to ascend or descend. A climbing group caught at a point where conditions do not allow further ascent must consider other options such as an unplanned [[bivouac shelter|bivouac]] (perhaps without the appropriate gear), [[rappel]]s (leaving multiple pieces of [[Climbing protection|protection]] behind), or moving to another route from their current position (perhaps without adequate knowledge of an alternative route). However, alpine style often is cheaper and faster for those on a budget, as alpine style climbing typically involves less equipment, and eliminates the need to hire porters.
 
U manastiru je stalno 10 monaha i 20 redovnica, a nekada ih je bilo ukupno oko 500.<ref>http://www.climbandmore.com/climbing,326,0,1,books.html</ref>
<ref>https://sweclimber.wordpress.com/climbing/stories/reinhold-messner/rm-hidden-peak/</ref>
== Reference ==
{{Refspisak}}