Razlika između verzija stranice "Mikrometar"

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'''Mikrometar''' ili '''mikron''' ([[SI]] simbol: μm) <ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica Online">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/291305/International-System-of-Units-SI|title=micrometre|work=Encyclopedia Britannica Online|accessdate=18. May5. 2014}}</ref> je [[SI|SI izvedena mjerna jedinica]] [[dužina|dužine]] koja je jednaka 1×10<sup>−6</sup> [[metar|metra]] (SI standardni [[prefiks]] "[[mikro-]]" = 10<sup>−6</sup>). To je milioniti dio metra, odnosno hiljaditi dio milimetra (0,001 &nbsp;mm ili oko 0,000039 [[inč]]a).<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica Online" /> Simbol μm se ponekad piše kao '''''um''''' ako se, u raspoloživim tastaturama, ne može upisati '''''μ'''''.
 
Mikrometar je opća jedinica za [[mjerenje]] npr. [[talasna dužina|talasne dužine]] [[infracrveno zračenje|infracrvenog zračenja]] ili veličine bioloških struktura kao što su: [[ćelije (biologija)| ćelija]] i [[bakterija]]. Također se najčešće koristi kao mjerna jedinica u proizvodnji [[plastika|plastike]]. Mikrometri su standard za ocjenjivanje i određivanje promjera [[vuna|vunenih]] [[vlakno|vlakana]]. Finija [[vuna]], od 25 μm, može se upotrebljavati za haljine, dok se grublje klase koriste za vanjsku odjeću, tepihe i sl. Promjer jedne ljudske dlake je u rasponu od oko 10 do 200 μm.<ref>http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/secondary/technology/7_10/agriculture/course_plans_units/deniliquin/measure_wool_fibre.doc|title=Wool Fibre|work="NSW Department of Education and Communities"|accessdate=18 May 2014.</ref>
 
==Primjeri==
Red 8:
;Između 1 i 10 μm:
* 1–10 μm – prečnik tipske [[bakterije]];
* 5 μm – prosječna dužina glave ljudskog [[spermatozoid]]a <ref>{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=D.J.|title=Human sperm accumulation near surfaces: a simulation study|journal=Journal of Fluid Mechanics|year=2009|volume=621|pages=295|doi=10.1017/S0022112008004953|url=http://eprints.maths.ox.ac.uk/860/1/human_sperm.pdf|accessdate=20. May5. 2012|date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106030353/http://eprints.maths.ox.ac.uk/860/1/human_sperm.pdf|archive-date=6. 11. 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>;
* 3–8 μm – prečnik [[pauk]]ove niti<ref>{{cite web |author=Gordon Ramel |title=Spider Silk |url=http://www.earthlife.net/chelicerata/silk.html |quote=garden spider silk has a diameter of about 0.003 mm ... Dragline silk (about .00032 inch (.008 mm) in Nephila) |accessdate=2008-4. 12-04. 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081204080140/http://www.earthlife.net/chelicerata/silk.html| archivedate= 4. December12. 2008 <!--DASHBot-->|url-status=live}}</ref>;
*oko 10 μm – veličina čestice [[dim]]a, [[magla|magle]], [[oblak]]a i vodene kapljice;
 
;Između 10 i 100 μm:
 
* 10 – 55 μm – prečnik vlakna vune<ref name="ISTAG">{{cite web |author=IST - Innovative Sintering Technologies Ltd. |title=Fibreshape applications |url=http://www.istag.ch/fibres/applications.html |quote=Histogram of cotton thickness |accessdate=2008-4. 12-04. 2008}}</ref>;
* 17 – 171 μm – prečnik ljudske dlake (u kosi)<ref name="Physics Factbook">According to ''The [[Physics]] Factbook'', the [[diameter]] of human hair ranges from 17 to 181 μm. {{cite web|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/BrianLey.shtml|title=Width of a Human Hair|last=Ley|first=Brian|work=The Physics Factbook|year=1999}}</ref>;
* 70 – 180 μm – standardna debljina [[papir]]a.
Red 22:
 
Ipak, u praksi, "mikron" ostaje široko upotrebljavani termin i češći od oznake "mikrometar". Uobičajen je u akademskom komuniciranju, a osobito u osnovnim prirodnim naukama, kao što su [[geologija]], [[biologija]], [[fizika]] i [[astronomija]]. Češće se koristi i u primijenjenim naukama, kao što su [[nauka o materijalima]], obrada [[materijal]]a, [[industrija|industriji]] poluvodiča i sl.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=92FOAAAAYAAJ&vq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&dq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&pg=PA80#v=snippet&q=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&f=false|title=Proceedings Royal Society of Queensland.</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lb3RAAAAMAAJ&vq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&dq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&pg=RA1-PA77#v=snippet&q=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&f=false|title=The Observer,</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=92FOAAAAYAAJ&vq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&dq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&pg=PA80#v=snippet&q=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&f=false|title=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland.</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lb3RAAAAMAAJ&vq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&dq=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&pg=RA1-PA77#v=snippet&q=plural%20of%20micron%20microns%20or%20micra&f=false|title=The Observer.</ref>
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="padding: 0; text-align: center; width: 0"
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!style="background:#edf; text-align: center" rowspan=2| [[Decimalni brojni sistem|Decimalni]]<!-- equivalent u [[SI#SI writing style|SI writing style]]-->
!style="background:#edf; text-align: center" colspan=2| Oznaka<br>(na bosanskom)
!style="background:#edf; text-align: center" rowspan=2| Usvajanje<br> (god)<ref group="nb"> [[Metrički sistem]] je uveden [[1795]]. - sa nekoliko [[metrički prefiks|metričkih prefiksa]], od kojih je samo šest usvojeno kao SI prefiksi, na 11. [[Generalna konferencija za tegove i mjere|Generalnoj konferenciji za tegove i mjere]] (CGPM), [[1960]]. Tada [[miria- | miria]] (10<sup>4</sup>), kao i [[duplo|demi-]] i [[polu- |semi-]] nisu usvojeni. U [[1873]]. [[mikro- | mikro-]] i [[mega- | mega-]] je preporučilo [[Britansko udruženje za unapređenje nauke]]. Drugi datumi odnose se na priznanje rezolucijom CGPM.</ref>
|-
!style="background:#edf; text-align: center"| Ime
Line 137 ⟶ 136:
| style="text-align:center;" | d
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−1/3</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.921|10<sup>−1</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | 0,1
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Deseti
Line 145 ⟶ 144:
| style="text-align:center;" | c
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−2/3</sup>&nbsp;
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.922|10<sup>−2</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | 0,01
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Stoti
Line 153 ⟶ 152:
| style="text-align:center;" | m
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−1</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.923|10<sup>−3</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | 0,001
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Hiljaditi
Line 161 ⟶ 160:
| style="text-align:center;" | μ
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−2</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.926|10<sup>−6</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{gaps|0,000|001}}
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Milionti
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| style="text-align:center;" | n
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−3</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.929|10<sup>−9</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{gaps|0,000|000|001}}
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;Bilionti
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| style="text-align:center;" | p
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−4</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.9212|10<sup>−12</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{gaps|0,000|000|000|001}}
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;Trilionti
Line 187 ⟶ 186:
| style="text-align:center;" | f
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−5</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.9215|10<sup>−15</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{gaps|0,000|000|000|000|001}}
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;Kvadrilionti
Line 196 ⟶ 195:
| style="text-align:center;" | a
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−6</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.9218|10<sup>−18</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{gaps|0,000|000|000|000|000|001}}
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;Kvintilionti
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| style="text-align:center;" | z
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−7</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.9221|10<sup>−21</sup>]]
| style="text-align:left;" | {{gaps|0,000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;Sekstilionti
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| style="text-align:center;" | y
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;1000<sup>−8</sup>
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;[[Orders_of_magnitude_Orders of magnitude (numbers)#10.E2.88.9224|10<sup>−24</sup>]]&nbsp;
| style="text-align:left;" | {{gaps|0,000|000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}
| style="text-align:left;" |&nbsp;Septilionti
Line 225 ⟶ 224:
 
== Simbol ==
Službeni simbol i [[metrički sistem|SI prefiks]] ''micro-'' su grčko slovo ''mu'' (μ).<ref>[http://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/prefixes.html Prefixes of the International System of Units], International Bureau of Weights and Measures (page visited on 9 May 2016).</ref> U unikodu, postoji i oznaka mikro sa kodom U+00B5 (µ), odvojenim od koda U+03BC (μ), grčkog malog slova ''mu'', kako mašine prepoznaju SI prefiksni simbol, <ref>[http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr25 Unicode Technical Report #25]</ref> ali implementacija mora dobro prepoznavati znak mikro. Većina fontova koristi isti tipografski glif za dva slova (mu).
 
== Također pogledajte ==
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{{Commons|SI units of length}}
{{Commons|Micrometer}}
{{Šablon:Mjere za dužinu}}
 
[[Kategorija:Dužina]]
[[Kategorija:Mjerne jedinice]]