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'''Kernel''' je [[računarski program]] koji je samo jezgro [[Operativni sistem|operativnog sistema]], sa potpunom kontrolom nad svime u sistemu.<ref name="Linfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.linfo.org/kernel.html|title=Kernel|website=Linfo|publisher=Bellevue Linux Users Group|accessdate=15 September 2016}}</ref> Na većini sistema, to je jedan od prvih programa koji se učitava prilikom pokretanja (nakon bootloadera). Kernel upravlja ostatkom pokretanja, kao i ulaznim/izlaznim zahtjevima iz [[Softver|softvera]], pretvarajući ih u uputstva za obradu podataka za [[Procesor|centralnu procesnu jedinicu]]. On upravlja memorijom i [[Periferija|periferijom]] kao što su tastatura, monitor, štampač itd.
[[Datoteka:Kernel_Layout.svg|mini| Kernel povezuje [[aplikativni softver]] sa hardverom računara. ]]
Kritični kod kernela se obično učitava u zasebnu oblast memorije, koja je zaštićena od pristupa [[Aplikativni softver|aplikativnom softveru]] ili drugim, manje kritičnim dijelovima operativnog sistema. Kernel izvršava svoje zadatke, kao što su pokrenuti procesi, upravljanje hardverskim uređajima kao što je [[tvrdi disk]] i rukovanje prekidima, u zaštićenom prostoru kernela. Nasuprot tome, sve što korisnik radi je u [[Korisnički prostor|korisničkom prostoru]]: pisanje u uređivaču teksta, pokretanje programa u [[Grafički korisnički interfejs|GUI-]]<nowiki/>u itd. Ovo razdvajanje sprječava miješanje podataka korisnika i kernel.<ref name="Linfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.linfo.org/kernel.html|title=Kernel|website=Linfo|publisher=Bellevue Linux Users Group|accessdate=15 September 2016}}</ref> kao i sprječavanje neispravnih aplikativnih programa da ruše čitav operativni sistem.
[[Aplikativni programski interfejs|Programski interfejs]] kernela je apstrakcijski sloj niskog nivoa. Kada [[Proces (računarstvo)|proces]] pravi zahtjeve kernela, to se naziva sistemskim pozivom. [[Monolitni kernel]] pokreće sve instrukcije operativnog sistema u istom adresnom prostoru što je puno brže. [[Mikrokernel]] pokreće većinu procesa u korisničkom prostoru,<ref>cf. [[Daemon (computing)]]</ref> što je bolje za modularnost.<ref name="mono-micro">Roch 2004</ref>
Primarna funkcija kernela je da bude posrednik između korisnika i računarskih resursa, uključujući: <ref name="Wulf74">Wulf 1974 pp.337–345</ref>
; [[Centralna procesorska jedinica]] (CPU)
: Ova [[Procesor|komponenta]] računarskog sistema je odgovorna za ''pokretanje'' ili ''izvršavanje'' programa. Kernel preuzima odgovornost za odlučivanje u bilo kojem trenutku koji od mnogih pokrenutih programa treba biti dodijeljen procesoru ili procesorima.
; Memorija nasumičnog pristupa (RAM)
: [[RAM|Memorija nasumičnog pristupa]] koristi se za pohranjivanje programskih uputa i podataka. Kernel je odgovoran za odlučivanje koju i koliko memorije svaki proces može da koristi i za određivanje šta da uradi kada nema dovoljno memorije.
== Reference ==
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== Dalje čitanje ==
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