Razlika između verzija stranice "Dhaka"
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'''Dhaka''' (prethodno '''Dacca'''<ref name="dacca" />; [[Bangla|bengalski]]: ঢাকা) je glavni grad [[Bangladeš]]a. Nalazi se na rijeci [[
Dhaka je sjedište vlade Bangladeša. Igra centralnu ulogu u bangladeškoj privredi zajedno sa lučkim gradom [[Chittagong]]. Dhaka predstavlja politički, kulturni i naučni centar države. Mjesto je gdje se nalaze najpoznatija nacionalna obilježja, uključujući [[Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban]], [[Univerzitet u Dhaki]] (nekad poznat pod nadimkom ''Oksford istoka''), ratni oslobodilački muzej, [[Nacionalni muzej Bangladeša]], [[Shaheed Minar (Dhaka)|Shaheed Minar]] i utvrda Lalbagh.
Red 64:
Veći dio Bengala 1576. godine došao je pod vlast [[Mogulsko carstvo|Mogulskog carstva]]. U to vrijeme, Dhaka je bila mogulska vojna baza, a prije toga, Chittagong je bio vodeći grad Bengala.<ref name="bahl" /> Razvoj infrastrukture i broja kuća doveo je do znatnog rasta stanovništva, pa je grad proglašen prijestolnicom Bengala pod mogulskom vlašću 1608. godine, a tokom tog vremena izgrađene su brojne džamije, utvrde i škole, a [[musliman]]i su izuzeti od plaćanja [[porez]]a što je dalo šansu mnogi muslimani iz okolnih područja da se tamo dosele te je tako od naselja postepeno nastao veliki grad. Dhaka je od tog vremena više poznata kao prijestolnica nego kao utvrda ili naselje.<ref name="britanica2" /><ref name="bangpedia2" /><ref name="cantt" /> Mogulski zapisi navode subahdara Islam Kana I kao prvog upravnika grada.<ref name="romance" /> Islam Kan je gradu dao ime "Jahangir Nagar" (شهر از جهانگیر; ''grad Jahangira''), mada je to ime odbačeno vrlo brzo nakon Jahngirove smrti. Veliko proširenje grada desilo se pod upravom generala Shaista kana po naredbi cara [[Aurangzeb]]a u 17. vijeku.<ref name="bangpedia2" /><ref name="cantt" /> Veličina grada je tada iznosila 19 puta 13 kilometara a broj stanovnika dostigao je gotovo milion, sa preko 100 škola i nekoliko stotina džamija.<ref name="atiqullah" /> Mogulski uticaj je znatno oslabio nakon smrti Aurangzeba a kontrola Bengala je ponovno prešla u druge ruke. Međutim, i danas je uticaj mogulskog širenja i uticaja vidljiv u cijelom području Dhake, a pod njihovom vlašću [[islam]] je postao dominantan. Utvrda Lalbagh (beng. লালবাগ কেল্লা) (također i utvrda Aurangabad) je nedovršeni mogulski kompleks utvrda iz 17. vijeka u Dhaki. Njenu izgradnju je započeo 1678. mogulski subahdar Muhammed Azam šah, sin cara Aurangzeba, koji je i sam kasnije postao mogulski car.
Britanska istočnoindijska kompanija je 1765. dobila pravo da prikuplja prihod (''Diwani pravo'') u ime mogulskog cara. Istočnoindijska kompanija time je postala prikupljač carskih poreza. Kako je uticaj kompanije rastao, ona je kasnije 1793. preuzela upravljanje kada su bengalski namjesnici bili prinuđeni da istočnoindijskoj kompaniji prepuste potpunu kontrolu nad Bengalom, [[Bihar]]om i [[Odisha|Odishom]]. Broj stanovnika je dramatično opao tokom ovog perioda kako je rastao ugled [[Kolkata|Kolkate]]<ref name="atiqullah" />, ali je kasnije ipak uslijedio stalni razvoj i modernizacija. Sistem modernog javnog snabdijevanja vodom uveden je 1874. a napajanje grada električnom energijom počelo je 1878. godine.<ref name="
== Geografija ==
Dhaka se nalazi u centralnom Bangladešu na geografskim koordinatama {{Coord|23|42|0|N|90|22|30|E|type:city_region:BD}}, na istočnoj, lijevoj obali rijeke [[Buriganga]]. Grad se nalazi u donjem toku delte [[Ganges]]a i zahvata površinu od
{{Široka slika|Sunrise in Dhaka (Panorama).jpg|800px|alt=Izlazak sunca u Dhaki|dir=rtl}}
== Klima ==
Dhaka ima vrlo vruću, mokru i vlažnu [[tropska klima|tropsku klimu]]. Po [[Köppenova klasifikacija klime|Köppenovoj klasifikaciji klime]], Dhaka ima [[Tropska savanska klima|tropsku savansku klimu]]. U gradu je jasno izražena sezona [[monsun]]a, sa godišnjim prosječnim temperaturama od oko 25 °C a mjesečni prosjeci variraju između 18 °C u januaru i 32 °C u maju.<ref name="weather1" /> Oko 87% prosječnih godišnjih padavina od 2.123
{{Vremenski okvir|
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Postoji veliki broj parkova u gradu Dhaka između ostalih park Ramna, Suhrawardy Udyan, Shishu, [[nacionalni botanički vrt Bangladeša]], vrt Baldha, Chandrima Uddan, Gulshan i [[zoološki vrt Dhaka]]. Na teritoriji grada postoji i veliki broj jezera kao što su jezero "mladog mjeseca", jezero Dhanmondi, Baridhara-Gulshan, Banani, Uttara Thana i jezero Hatirjheel-Begunbari.
Hatirjheel-Begunbari je novo mjesto za rekreaciju stanovnika. Hatirjheel obuhvata površinu od 320 akri (129 ha) i pretvoren je u mjesto održavanja svečanosti i festivala noću i opuštanja danju. Za realizaciju ovog projekta bili su angažirani između ostalih odjeljenje za
== Civilna uprava ==
Red 156:
<ref name="britanica2">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/160598/Dhaka|izdavač=britannica.com|title=Dhaka|pristupdatum=4.3.2013}}</ref>
<ref name="bangpedia2">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20131021123311/http://www.banglapedia.org/HT/D_0145.HTM|izdavač=Banglapedia|title=Dhaka|pristupdatum=4.3.2013}}</ref>
<ref name="moudud">{{Cite book|title=South Asia: Eastern Himalayan Culture, Ecology and People|first =Hasna|last = Jasimuddin Moudud|isbn=984-08-0165-1|year=2001|publisher=Academic Press and Publishers; Dhaka}}</ref>▼
<ref name="bahl">{{Cite book|author=Taru Bahl i M.H. Syed|title=Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT|year=2003|isbn=81-261-1419-3}}, str. 55</ref>▼
<ref name="cantt">{{cite web|last=Roy|first=Pinaki|date=28.7.2008|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724100813/http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=47801|title=Golden past of olden Dhaka|izdavač=The Daily Star|pristupdatum=21.3.2009}}</ref>▼
<ref name="CALC">{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4014/is_200201/ai_n9028755/pg_2|title=Calcutta and Dhaka: A tale of two cities|date=27.9.2006|last=Richards|first=John}}</ref>▼
<ref name="romance">{{Cite book|author=Francis Bradley Bradley-Birt|title=The Romance of an Eastern Capital|page=264|publisher=Smith, Elder, & Co|year=1906|isbn=1-150-52170-8}}</ref>▼
<ref name="Bangladesh2001Mun">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080625052740/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf|izdavač=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics|title=Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava|year=2001|format=PDF|pristupdatum=29.9.2008}}</ref>
<ref name="atiqullah">{{Cite book|title=Growth of Dacca City: Population and Area (1608–1981)|author=M. Atiqullah i F. Karim Khan|publisher=Social Science Research Project, University of Dacca Press|year=1965}}, str. 6.</ref>▼
<ref name="A">{{cite web|title=History of the DMP|url=http://www.dmp.gov.bd/application/index/page/history|izdavač=Dhaka Metropolitan Police|pristupdatum=18.10.2013}}</ref>
<ref name="furumai">{{Cite book|author=H Furumai, F Kurisu i H Katayama|title=Southeast Asian Water Environment 2: Selected Papers from the Second International Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment|publisher=IWA Publishing|year=2008|isbn=1-84339-124-4}}, str. 205.</ref>▼
<ref name="Dhaka">{{cite web|autor=Banglapedia|date=27.9.2006|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20060615223048/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/D_0157.HTM|title=Dhaka Division|pristupdatum=11.2.2009}}</ref>
<ref name="marooned">Srivastava, H. N.; G. D. Gupta (2006). ''Management of natural disasters in developing countries. Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and other Developing Countries''. str. 14. ISBN 81-7035-425-0.</ref>▼
<ref name="hough">{{Cite book| last = Hough|first = Michael|title = Cities and natural process|publisher = Routledge|year = 2004|pages = 64–65|isbn = 0-415-29855-5}}</ref>
<ref name="Geo2">{{Cite news|last=Mondal|first=M. Abdul Latif|date=27.9.2006|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070302043917/http://www.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2006/15thanniv/ourcities/ourcities28.htm|title=Our Cities: 15th Anniversary Special}}</ref>▼
<ref name="weather1">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=032914&refer=/|title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Dhaka, Bangladesh|pristupdatum=15.12.2008|izdavač=weatherbase.com}}</ref>
▲<ref name="Geo2">{{Cite news|last=Mondal|first=M. Abdul Latif|date=27.9.2006|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070302043917/http://www.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2006/15thanniv/ourcities/ourcities28.htm|title=Our Cities: 15th Anniversary Special}}</ref>
▲<ref name="CALC">{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4014/is_200201/ai_n9028755/pg_2|title=Calcutta and Dhaka: A tale of two cities|date=27.9.2006|last=Richards|first=John}}</ref>
<ref name="townplan">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219005519/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=62337 |title=Town planning for Bangladesh: Vision 2020 |datum=8.11.2008 |izdavač=The Daily Star |pristupdatum=15.12.2008}}</ref>▼
<ref name="Z">{{cite web|title=DMP — New Initiatives|url=http://www.dmp.gov.bd/static/new_initiative.php|izdavač=Dhaka Metropolitan Police|pristupdatum=30.9.2008}}</ref>▼
<ref name="CityCorp">{{cite web|autor=Dhaka City Corporation|url=http://www.dhakacity.org/Page/About_us/About/Category/2/About_us_info|title=City Corporation|format=PHP|pristupdatum=27.2.2009}}</ref>
<ref name="marikaadam">{{Cite book|author=Marika McAdam|title=Bangladesh|pages=46–52|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2004|isbn=1-74059-280-8}}</ref>▼
<ref name="bpedia-bangabhaban">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013124404/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/B_0125.htm|title=Bangabhaban|izdavač=Banglapedia}}</ref>▼
<ref name="bembbh">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805113530/http://www.banglaembassy.com.bh/Historical%20Page27.htm |title=Baitul Mukarram-the National Mosque of Bangladesh |pristupdatum=31.3.2009 |izdavač=Ambasada Bangladeša u Butanu}}</ref>▼
<ref name="eduact">{{cite web|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=318§ions_id=15928&vol=13&search=Education%20Ordinance,%201961|title=East Pakistan Intermediate and Secondary Education Ordinance, 1961 (East Pakistan Ordinance No. XXX population III of 1961)|pristupdatum=31.3.2009 |izdavač=Ministarstvo pravde, prava i parlamentarnih poslova Bangladeša}}</ref>
<ref name="moe">{{cite web|url=http://www.educationboard.gov.bd/ |title=Education Board Bangladesh |pristupdatum=31.3.2009 |izdavač=Ministarstvo obrazovanja Bangladeša}}</ref>
<ref name="maddrassahact">{{cite web|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=566§ions_id=7748&vol=21|title=THE MADRASAH EDUCATION ORDINANCE, 1978 (ORDINANCE NO. IX OF 1978). |pristupdatum=31.3.2009 |izdavač=Ministarstvo pravde, prava i parlamentarnih poslova Bangladeša}}</ref>
▲<ref name="Z">{{cite web|title=DMP — New Initiatives|url=http://www.dmp.gov.bd/static/new_initiative.php|izdavač=Dhaka Metropolitan Police|pristupdatum=30.9.2008}}</ref>
▲<ref name="moudud">{{Cite book|title=South Asia: Eastern Himalayan Culture, Ecology and People|first =Hasna|last = Jasimuddin Moudud|isbn=984-08-0165-1|year=2001|publisher=Academic Press and Publishers; Dhaka}}</ref>
▲<ref name="bpedia-bangabhaban">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013124404/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/B_0125.htm|title=Bangabhaban|izdavač=Banglapedia}}</ref>
▲<ref name="romance">{{Cite book|author=Francis Bradley Bradley-Birt|title=The Romance of an Eastern Capital|page=264|publisher=Smith, Elder, & Co|year=1906|isbn=1-150-52170-8}}</ref>
▲<ref name="bembbh">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805113530/http://www.banglaembassy.com.bh/Historical%20Page27.htm |title=Baitul Mukarram-the National Mosque of Bangladesh |pristupdatum=31.3.2009 |izdavač=Ambasada Bangladeša u Butanu}}</ref>
▲<ref name="bahl">{{Cite book|author=Taru Bahl i M.H. Syed|title=Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT|year=2003|isbn=81-261-1419-3}}, str. 55</ref>
▲<ref name="marikaadam">{{Cite book|author=Marika McAdam|title=Bangladesh|pages=46–52|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2004|isbn=1-74059-280-8}}</ref>
▲<ref name="cantt">{{cite web|last=Roy|first=Pinaki|date=28.7.2008|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724100813/http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=47801|title=Golden past of olden Dhaka|izdavač=The Daily Star|pristupdatum=21.3.2009}}</ref>
▲<ref name="townplan">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219005519/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=62337 |title=Town planning for Bangladesh: Vision 2020 |datum=8.11.2008 |izdavač=The Daily Star |pristupdatum=15.12.2008}}</ref>
▲<ref name="atiqullah">{{Cite book|title=Growth of Dacca City: Population and Area (1608–1981)|author=M. Atiqullah i F. Karim Khan|publisher=Social Science Research Project, University of Dacca Press|year=1965}}, str. 6.</ref>
▲<ref name="furumai">{{Cite book|author=H Furumai, F Kurisu i H Katayama|title=Southeast Asian Water Environment 2: Selected Papers from the Second International Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment|publisher=IWA Publishing|year=2008|isbn=1-84339-124-4}}, str. 205.</ref>
▲<ref name="marooned">Srivastava, H. N.; G. D. Gupta (2006). ''Management of natural disasters in developing countries. Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and other Developing Countries''. str. 14. ISBN 81-7035-425-0.</ref>
<ref name="Rickshaws1">{{Cite news|url=http://student.britannica.com/eb/art-72937/More-rickshaws-are-found-in-Dhaka-Bangladesh-than-in-any|title=rickshaw: Dhaka|author=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=17.12.2008}}</ref>
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