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[[Datoteka:Hiroshima aftermath.jpg|mini|250p|desno|Posljedice [[Atomski napad na Hirošimu i Nagasaki|atomskog bombardovanja]] [[Hirošima|Hirošime]].]]
{{glavni|Historija nuklearnog oružja}}
Prva nuklearna oružja proizveo je međunarodni tim u Sjedinjenim Američkim državama, uključujući veliki broj dislociranih naučnika iz središnje Evrope, uz pomoć Ujedinjenog kraljevstva i Kanade tokom Drugog svjetskog rata kao dio u tajnosti držanog [[Manhattan projekta]]. Dok se u početku oružje razvijalo primarno iz straha da bi ga Nacistička Njemačka mogla prva razviti, ono se kasnije ipak iskoristilo protiv japanskih gradova Hirošime i Nagasakija u augustu 1945. godine. SSSR je svoje prvo nuklearno oružje razvio i testirao 1949. godine, što je dijelom bio rezultat informacijainformaci dobivenihthis iztime, Sovjetskeincluding špijunažethe u[[United SAD-uKingdom]], [[France]], and [[China]]. IThese SADfive imembers SSSRof suthe sredinom"nuclear 50-ihclub" godinaagreed nastavilito razvijatiattempt oružjeto zasnovanolimit nathe spread of [[nuklearnojnuclear fuzijiproliferation]] (hidrogensketo bombe).other Withnations, thethough inventionfour ofother reliablecountries ([[rocketryIndia]], during[[South theAfrica]], 1960s[[Pakistan]], itand became[[Israel]]) possible fordeveloped nuclear weaponsarms toduring bethis deliveredtime. anywhereAt the end of the Cold War in the worldearly on1990s, athe veryRussian Federation inherited the weapons of the shortformer noticeUSSR, and along with the twoU.S., pledged to reduce their stockpile for increased international safety. [[ColdNuclear Warproliferation]] superpowershas continued, though, with Pakistan testing their first weapons in 1998, and North Korea adoptedperforming a strategytest in 2006. In January 2005, Pakistani metallurgist [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]] confessed to selling nuclear technology and information of deterrencenuclear weapons to maintain[[Iran]], [[Libya]], and [[North Korea]] in a shakymassive, peaceinternational proliferation ring.<ref>Rhodes On [[October 9]], Richard.[[2006]], ''TheNorth MakingKorea claimed it had conducted an underground nuclear test, though the very small apparent yield of the Atomicblast Bomb''.has Newled York:many Simonto &conclude Schuster,that 1986it was not fully successful (see [[2006 North Korean nuclear test]]).</ref>
[[Datoteka:US and USSR nuclear stockpiles.svg|250p|mini|U.S. and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945-2006.]]
Nuclear weapons were symbols of military and national power, and [[nuclear testing]] was often used both to test new designs as well as to send political messages. Other nations also developed nuclear weapons during this time, including the [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], and [[China]]. These five members of the "nuclear club" agreed to attempt to limit the spread of [[nuclear proliferation]] to other nations, though four other countries ([[India]], [[South Africa]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Israel]]) developed nuclear arms during this time. At the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the Russian Federation inherited the weapons of the former USSR, and along with the U.S., pledged to reduce their stockpile for increased international safety. [[Nuclear proliferation]] has continued, though, with Pakistan testing their first weapons in 1998, and North Korea performing a test in 2006. In January 2005, Pakistani metallurgist [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]] confessed to selling nuclear technology and information of nuclear weapons to [[Iran]], [[Libya]], and [[North Korea]] in a massive, international proliferation ring. On [[October 9]], [[2006]], North Korea claimed it had conducted an underground nuclear test, though the very small apparent yield of the blast has led many to conclude that it was not fully successful (see [[2006 North Korean nuclear test]]).
Nuclear weapons have been at the heart of many national and international political disputes and have played a major part in [[Nuclear weapons in popular culture|popular culture]] since their dramatic public debut in the 1940s and have usually symbolized the ultimate ability of mankind to utilize the strength of nature for destruction.
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