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[[Datoteka:Leviathan_gr.jpg|mini|desno|200px|Levijatan: djelo o društvu i legitimnom vladanju]]
'''Država''' je u društvenim naukama obvezujuća politička institucija centralizovane vlasti i organizacija društva koja posjeduje monopol legitimnog korištenja sile na određenoj teritoriji. Prema [[međunarodno pravo|međunarodnom pravu]] i međunarodnim odnosima, država obično označava politički subjekt koji je [[suverenitet|suveren]], tj. nije podložan nikakvoj višoj političkoj vlasti.
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Koja teorija je ispravna? To je i danas kontroverzno pitanje u međunarodnom pravu. Praktičan primjer je urušavanje središnje vlasti u [[Somalija|Somaliji]] početkom [[1990ih]] godina: prema Konvenciji iz Montevidea, u tom slučaju država Somalija više ne postoji, a pritom stvorena republika [[Somaliland]] (koja sadrži jedan dio "bivše" Somalije) mogla bi ispunjavati kriterije za državnost. Međutim, tu samoproglašenu republiku nisu priznale druge države.
Drugo kontroverzno pitanje u [[politička filozofija|političkoj filozofiji]] jest pitanje nastanka i osnovnih osobina države. [[
Jedna od temeljnih osobina države je reguliranje [[vlasnička prava|vlasničkih prava]], [[investicija]], [[trgovina|trgovine]] i [[tržište roba|tržišta roba]] (hrane, goriva itd.), pri čemu država obično koristi vlastitu [[valuta|valutu]].
Iako države sve više prenose te ovlasti na trgovinske saveze kao što su npr. NAFTA i [[Evropska Unija]], to je uvijek kontroverzna odluka koja otvara pitanje jesu li ti savezi zapravo samo veće države. Disciplina [[politička privreda|političke privrede]] detaljnije izučava ta pitanja.
Činjenica je da mnoge države u određenoj mjeri zavise o moćnijim državama i/ili dragovoljno ulaze u veće političke sile, kao što su [[Ujedinjeni narodi]], [[Evropska Unija]], [[Svjetska
Iako se mnoge države tako praktički stavljaju u podređen položaj, njihov je položaj u odnosu na međunarodne organizacije ili moćnije države ipak mnogo jači nego položaj državnih podjedinica u odnosu na državu.
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* [[Države svijeta]]
* [[Ustav]]
== Literatura i vanjski linkovi ==
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* {{cite book|author=Barrow, Clyde W.|chapter=The Miliband-Poulantzas Debate: An Intellectual History|editor=Aronowitz, Stanley & Bratsis, Peter|title=Paradigm lost: state theory reconsidered|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8166-3293-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=occGXv3T0ycC&pg=PA3}}
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* {{cite book|author=Bratsis, Peter|title=Everyday Life and the State|publisher=Paradigm|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59451-219-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mh_zAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book|author=Faulks, Keith|chapter=Classical Theories of the State and Civil Society|title=Political sociology: a critical introduction|publisher=NYU Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8147-2709-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_fjCczhvWj0C&pg=PA32}}
* {{cite book|editor=Feldbrugge, Ferdinand J. M.|title=The law's beginning|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=2003|isbn=978-90-04-13705-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DG_HMgPYMlMC}}
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* {{cite book|author=Friedeburg, Robert von |title=''State Forms and State Systems in Modern Europe''|publisher=[[Institute of European History]], |year=2011|isbn=|url= http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2010102576 }}
* {{cite book|chapter=Violence and the State|editors=Coleman, Roy et al.|title=State, Power, Crime|publisher=SAGE|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4129-4805-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZhxIDseBcpcC&pg=PA116|author=Green, Penny & Ward, Tony}}
* {{cite book|editor=Hall, John A.|title=The state: critical concepts (Vol. 1 & 2)|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1994|isbn=978-0-415-08683-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EFmfJlNFEKgC}}
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* {{cite book|author=Hoffman, John|title=Beyond the state: an introductory critique|publisher=Polity Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-7456-1181-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TG6OQgAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book|author=Hoffman, John|title=Citizenship beyond the state|publisher=SAGE|year=2004|isbn=978-0-7619-4942-8|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nHu8uwrBO6gC}}
* {{cite book|author=Jessop, Bob|title=State theory: putting the Capitalist state in its place|publisher=Penn State Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-271-00735-9|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HcxBBhXjAUcC}}
* {{cite book|author=Jessop, Bob|chapter=Redesigning the State, Reorienting State Power, and Rethinking the State|editor=Leicht, Kevin T. & Jenkins, J. Craig|title=Handbook of Politics: State and Society in Global Perspective|publisher=Springer|year=2009|isbn=978-0-387-68929-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=U5_HatyUydwC&pg=PA41}}
* {{cite book|author=Lefebvre, Henri|editors=Brenner, Neil & Elden, Stuart|title=State, space, world: selected essays|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8166-5317-1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5cYnB3KsqdkC}}
* {{cite book|author=Long, Roderick T. & Machan, Tibor R.|title=Anarchism/minarchism: is a government part of a free country?|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7546-6066-8|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PUev30VZ04kC}}
* {{cite book|author=Mann, Michael|chapter=The Autonomous Power of the State: It's Origins, Mechanisms, and Results|editor=Hall, John A.|title=The State: critical concepts, Volume 1|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1994|isbn=978-0-415-08680-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EFmfJlNFEKgC&pg=PA331}}
* {{cite book|author=Oppenheimer, Franz|title=The state|publisher=Black Rose Books|year=1975|isbn=978-0-919618-59-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_dJXaqobz4AC}}
* {{cite book|title=State, power, socialism|publisher=Verso|year=2000|isbn=978-1-85984-274-4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ejTYwLoZtY4C|author=Poulantzas, Nicos & Camiller, Patrick}}
* {{cite book|author=Sanders, John T. & Narveson, Jan|title=For and against the state: new philosophical readings|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8476-8165-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7k_gBlYQwOcC}}
* {{Cite book|author=Scott, James C.|title=Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-300-07815-2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PqcPCgsr2u0C}}
* {{cite book|author=Taylor, Michael|title=Community, anarchy, and liberty|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1982|isbn=978-0-521-27014-4|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eI9xYg7CwiwC}}
* {{cite web|author=Uzgalis, William|title=John Locke|work=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=May 5, 2007|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/index.html}}
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