GNAS1

GNAS1
Identifikatori
Aliasi	GNAS
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 139320 MGI: 95777 HomoloGene: 55534 GeneCards: GNAS
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 20 (čovjek)
Kraj	58,911,192 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 2 (miš)
Kraj	174,188,537 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	; ; ; ;
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• molekularna funkcija; • nucleotide binding; • G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding; • GTP binding; • signal transducer activity; • vezivanje iona metala; • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • GO:0006184 GTPase activity; • guanyl nucleotide binding; • adenylate cyclase activator activity; • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; • mu-type opioid receptor binding; • corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding; • beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding; • ionotropic glutamate receptor binding; • D1 dopamine receptor binding; • G protein-coupled receptor binding;
Ćelijska komponenta	• citoplazma; • perinuklearno područje citoplazme; • extracellular region; • transport vesicle; • GO:0016023 citoplazmatska vezikula; • jedro; • citosol; • trans-Golgi network membrane; • membrana; • ćelijska membrana; • heterotrimeric G-protein complex; • intrinsic component of membrane; • Egzosom; • ruffle; • projekcija ćelije; • dendrit; • apical plasma membrane;
Biološki proces	• female pregnancy; • negative regulation of multicellular organism growth; • response to parathyroid hormone; • protein secretion; • positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; • hair follicle placode formation; • cellular response to catecholamine stimulus; • adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • kognitivna funkcija; • regulation of insulin secretion; • cellular response to glucagon stimulus; • intracellular transport; • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; • activation of adenylate cyclase activity; • cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus; • adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway; • sensory perception of smell; • GO:0032320, GO:0032321, GO:0032855, GO:0043089, GO:0032854 positive regulation of GTPase activity; • developmental growth; • renal water homeostasis; • bone development; • platelet aggregation; • GO:0072468 Transdukcija signala; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • regulation of signal transduction; • skeletal system development; • genetic imprinting; • multicellular organism growth; • positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; • endochondral ossification; • regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion; • post-embryonic development; • post-embryonic body morphogenesis; • Metilacija DNK; • cartilage development; • positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; • tissue homeostasis; • sensory perception of chemical stimulus; • embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis; • energy reserve metabolic process; • skin development; • embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis; • adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • GO:0048554 positive regulation of catalytic activity;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	2778
	14683
	ENSG00000087460
	ENSMUSG00000027523
	O95467; P63092; P84996; Q5JWF2
	P63094; Q6R0H7; Q9Z0F1; Q6R0H6
NM_000516; NM_001077488; NM_001077489; NM_001077490; NM_001309840;
	NM_001309842; NM_001309861; NM_001309883; NM_016592; NM_080425; NM_080426
NM_001077507; NM_001077510; NM_010309; NM_010310; NM_019690;
	NM_022000; NM_201616; NM_201617; NM_201618; NM_001310083; NM_001310085; NM_001364030
NP_000507; NP_001070956; NP_001070957; NP_001070958; NP_001296769;
	NP_001296771; NP_001296790; NP_001296812; NP_057676; NP_536350; NP_536351; NP_000507.1; NP_001070956.1; NP_001070957.1; NP_001070958.1; NP_001296769.1; NP_536350.2; NP_536351.1; NP_001070958.1; NP_001296812.1; NP_001296812.1; NP_536350.2
NP_001070975; NP_001070978; NP_001297012; NP_001297014; NP_034439;
	NP_062664; NP_068840; NP_963910; NP_963911; NP_963912; NP_001350959; NP_001070975.1; NP_001297014.1; NP_034439.2; NP_963911.1; NP_062664.2; NP_068840.2; NP_001070975.1; NP_001297014.1; NP_963911.1; NP_963912.1
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Podjedinica G_s alfa (G_αs, G_sα) jest podjedinica heterotrimernog G-proteina G_s koji stimulira cAMP-ovisni put, aktiviranjem adenilil-ciklaza. G_sα jest GTPaza koja djeluje kao ćelijski signalni protein.

G_sα je osnovni član jedne od četiri porodice heterotrimernih G-proteina, definiranih pomoću alfa podjedinice koje sadrže: porodica G_αs, porodica G_αi/G_αo, porodica G_αq i porodica G_α12/G_α13.^[5] Porodica Gs ima samo dva člana: drugi član je G_olf, nazvan zbog svog prevladavajućeg ispoljavanja u mirisnom sistemu. Kod ljudi, G_s α kodiran GNAS kompleksnim lokusom, dok je G_olf α kodiran genom GNAL.

Funkcija uredi

Opća funkcija G_s je aktiviranje unutarćelijskih signalnih puteva, kao odgovor na aktivaciju površine ćelije G-protein spregnutog receptora. GPCR funkcioniraju kao dio trokomponentnog sistema receptora-pretvarača-efektora.^[6]^[7] Pretvarač u ovom sistemu je heterotrimerni G-protein, sastavljen od tri podjedinice: proteina Gα, kao što je G_sα i kompleksa dva čvrsto povezana proteina zvana Gβ i Gγ u Gβγ kompleksa.^[6]^[7] Kada ga receptor ne stimulira, Gα je vezan za GDP i za Gβγ, kako bi se stvorio neaktivni trimer G-proteina.^[6]^[7] Kada receptor veže aktivirajući ligand izvan ćelije (kao što su hormon ili neurotransmiter), aktivirani receptor djeluje kao faktor izmjene nukleotidnog guanina da pospješi oslobađanje BDP-a i GTP vezanjem za Gα, što pokreće disocijaciju GTP-vezanog Gα iz Gβγ.^[6]^[7] Konkretno, aktivirani G_s α vezani za GTP vežu se za adeninlil-ciklazu da bi proizveli drugi glasnik, cAMP, koji zauzvrat aktivira cAMP-ovisnu protein kinazu (naziva se i proteinska kinaza A ili PKA).^[6]^[7] Ćelijski efekti G_s α koji djeluju pomoću PKA, opisani su ovdje. Iako svaki G_sα vezan za GTP može aktivirati samo jedan enzim adenilil-ciklaze, pojačava se signal, jer jedan receptor može aktivirati više kopija G_s, dok taj receptor ostaje vezan do aktiviranja njegovog agonista i svaki enzim G_sa-vezana adenilil-ciklaza može generirati značajan cAMP za aktiviranje mnogih kopija PKA.^[8]

Receptori uredi

G-protein spregnuti receptori koji se spajaju sa proteinima porodice G_s uključuju:

Receptor 5-HT tip 5-HT₄ i 5-HT₇
ACTH receptor aka MC2R
Adenozinski receptor tipovi A_2a i A_2b
Argininski vazopresin receptor 2
β-adrenergički receptori, tipovi β₁, β₂ i β₃
Kalcitoninski receptor
Peptidni receptor povezan sa genom kalcitonina
Kanabinoidni receptor 2^[9]
Receptor kortikotropin-otpuštajućeg hormona
Dopaminski receptori porodica D₁-olikih proteina (D₁ i D₅), pretežno preko G_olf u strijatumu
FSH-receptor
Želučani inhibitorni polipeptidni receptor
Glukagonski receptor
Receptor hormona otpuštanja hormona rasta
Histaminski H₂ receptor
Luteinizirajući hormon / horiogonadotropinski receptor
Melanokortinski receptori: MC1R, MC2R (poznat kao ACTH receptor), MC3R, MC4R, MC5R
Olfaktorni receptori, preko G_olf u olfaktornom neuronu
Receptor paratiroidnog hormona 1
Prostaglandinski receptor tipovi D₂ i I₂
Sekretinski receptor
Tirotropinski receptor
Trag amin-povezanog receptora 1

Također pogledajte uredi

Reference uredi

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087460 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027523 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ellis C, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery GPCR Questionnaire Participants (juli 2004). "The state of GPCR research in 2004". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 3 (7): 575, 577–626. doi:10.1038/nrd1458. PMID 15272499.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gilman AG (1987). "G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 56: 615–649. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151. PMID 3113327. S2CID 33992382.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rodbell M (1995). "Nobel Lecture: Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea". Bioscience Reports. 15 (3): 117–133. doi:10.1007/bf01207453. PMID 7579038. S2CID 11025853.
^ Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, White LE, ured. (2007). Neuroscience (4th izd.). New York: W. H. Freeman. str. 155. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
^ Saroz, Yurii; Kho, Dan T.; Glass, Michelle; Graham, Euan Scott; Grimsey, Natasha Lillia (19. 10. 2019). "Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB 2 ) Signals via G-alpha-s and Induces IL-6 and IL-10 Cytokine Secretion in Human Primary Leukocytes". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science (jezik: engleski). 2 (6): 414–428. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.9b00049. ISSN 2575-9108.

Vanjski linkovi uredi

G(s)alpha na US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
GNAS protein, human na US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
P63092

Šablon:Unutarćelijski signalni peptidi i proteini Šablon:Anhidridne kisele hidrolaze

Portal Biologija

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087460 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027523 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid15272499-5] Ellis C, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery GPCR Questionnaire Participants (juli 2004). "The state of GPCR research in 2004". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 3 (7): 575, 577–626. doi:10.1038/nrd1458. PMID 15272499.

[pmid3113327-6] Gilman AG (1987). "G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 56: 615–649. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151. PMID 3113327. S2CID 33992382.

[pmid7579038-7] Rodbell M (1995). "Nobel Lecture: Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea". Bioscience Reports. 15 (3): 117–133. doi:10.1007/bf01207453. PMID 7579038. S2CID 11025853.

[neuro155-8] Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, White LE, ured. (2007). Neuroscience (4th izd.). New York: W. H. Freeman. str. 155. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

[9] Saroz, Yurii; Kho, Dan T.; Glass, Michelle; Graham, Euan Scott; Grimsey, Natasha Lillia (19. 10. 2019). "Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB 2 ) Signals via G-alpha-s and Induces IL-6 and IL-10 Cytokine Secretion in Human Primary Leukocytes". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science (jezik: engleski). 2 (6): 414–428. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.9b00049. ISSN 2575-9108.

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