Šafijski mezheb
Šafijski mezheb arapski: شَافِعِي jest jedna od četiri pravne škole (mezheba) u sunitskom islamu.[1][2] Osnivač ove škole je bio Imam Šafija, "otac muslimanske jurisprudencije",[3] u ranom 9. stoljeću.[4][5][3]
Ostale tri škole sunitske škole (mezheba) su Ḥanafijska, malikījska i hanbelijska škola.[1][2] Kao i druge škole fikha, šafije priznaju prve četiri halife kao zakonite nasljednike Muhammeda i oslanja se na Kur'an i "provjerene (sahih)" knjige hadisa kao primarne izvore prava.[4][6] Šafijska škola potvrđuje autoritet i božanskog davanja zakona (Kurʾān i Sunnet) i ljudskih spekulacija u vezi sa Zakonom.[7] Tamo gdje su odlomci Kurʾāna i/ili hadisa dvosmisleni, škola traži smjernice Kijasa (analogno rezonovanje).[7][8] Idžma (konsenzus učenjaka ili zajednice) je "prihvaćen, ali nije naglašen".[7] Škola je odbacila ovisnost o lokalnim tradicijama lično mišljenje i Istiḥsān (pravna diskrecija) kao izvore pravnog presedana.[7][9]
Šafijska škola je bila široko praćena na Bliskom istoku sve do uspona Osmanlija i Safavida.[6][10] Trgovci su pomogli u širenju šafijskog islama preko Indijskog okeana, sve do Indije i Jugoistočne Azije.[11][12] Šafijska škola danas se pretežno nalazi u dijelovima Hidžaza i Levanta, Donjeg Egipta i Jemena, te među kurdskim narodom, na Sjevernom Kavkazu i preko Indijskog okeana (Rog Afrike i Svahilijske obale u Africi i priobalju Južne i Jugoistočne Azije).[13][14][1][15]
Reference
uredi- ^ a b Hallaq 2009, str. 31.
- ^ a b Saeed 2008, str. 17.
- ^ a b "Abū ʿAbd Allāh ash-Shāfiʿī". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ^ a b Ramadan 2006, str. 27–77.
- ^ Kamali 2008, str. 77.
- ^ a b Shanay, Bulend. "Shafi'iyyah". University of Cumbria.
- ^ a b c d "Shāfiʿī". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ^ Hasyim 2005, str. 75–77.
- ^ Chaumont, Éric (1997). "Al-Shafi". The Encyclopedia Of Islam. IX. Brill. str. 182–83.
- ^ Heffening, W. (1934). "Al-Shafi'i". The Encyclopaedia of Islam. IV. E. J. Brill. str. 252–53.
- ^ Christelow 2000, str. 377.
- ^ Pouwels 2002, str. 139.
- ^ "Islamic Jurisprudence & Law". University of North Carolina.
- ^ "International Religious Freedom Report: Comoros" (PDF). United States Department of State. 2013.
- ^ Ahmady, Kameel 2019: From Border to Border. Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. Mehri publication, London. p 440.
Bibliografija
urediPrimarni izvori
- Al-Zarkashi, Badr al-Din (1393). Al-Bahr Al-Muhit Vol VI.
- Khadduri, Majid (1961). 'Islamic Jurisprudence: ShafiŠablon:Ayini's Risala. Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Al-ShafiŠablon:Ayini: The Epistle on Legal Theory - Risalah fi usul al-fiqh. Prevod: Lowry, Joseph. New York University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0814769980.
Akademski izvori
- Hallaq, Wael B. (2009). An Introduction to Islamic Law. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521678735.
- Saeed, Abdullah (2008). The Qur'an: An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415421256.
- Ramadan, Hisham M. (2006). Understanding Islamic Law: From Classical to Contemporary. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 978-0-7591-0991-9.
- Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2008). Shari'ah Law: An Introduction. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1851685653.
- Hasyim, Syafiq (2005). Understanding Women in Islam: An Indonesian Perspective. Equinox. ISBN 978-9793780191.
- Hallaq, Wael B. (2009a). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521861472.
- Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1780744209.
- Ridgeon, Lloyd (2003). Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415297967.
- Dutton, Yasin (1999). The Origins of Islamic Law: The Qurʼan, the Muwaṭṭaʼ and Madinan ʻAmal.
- Haddad, Gibril F. (2007). The Four Imams and Their Schools. Muslim Academic Trust, London.
- Pouwels, Randall L. (2002). Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521523097.
- Christelow, Allan (2000). Levtzion, Nehemia; Pouwels, Randall (ured.). "Islamic Law in Africa," in The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0821412978.
- Zayn Kassam; Bridget Blomfield (2015). "Remembering Fatima and Zaynab: Gender in Perspective". u Farhad Daftory (ured.). The Shi'i World. I. B. Tauris Press.
Dodatna literatura
uredi- Al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs; Lowry, Joseph E. (2013). The Epistle on Legal Theory: A Translation of Al-Shafi'i's Risalah. Prevod: Lowry, Joseph E. New York University Press. ISBN 9781479855445. JSTOR j.ctt17mvkhj.
- Cilardo, Agostino (2014). "Shafiʽi Fiqh". u Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (ured.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. ABC-CLIO.
- Yahia, Mohyddin (2009). ShafiŠablon:Ayini et les deux sources de la loi islamique, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, ISBN 978-2-503-53181-6
- Rippin, Andrew (2005). Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 90–93. ISBN 0-415-34888-9.
- Calder, Norman, Jawid Mojaddedi, and Andrew Rippin (2003). Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature. London: Routledge. Section 7.1.
- Schacht, Joseph (1950). The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford: Oxford University. pp. 16.
- Khadduri, Majid (1987). Islamic Jurisprudence: ShafiŠablon:Ayini's Risala. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society. pp. 286.
- Abd Majid, Mahmood (2007). Tajdid Fiqh Al-Imam Al-Syafi'i. Seminar pemikiran Tajdid Imam As Shafie 2007.
- al-ShafiŠablon:Ayini, Muhammad b. Idris, "The Book of the Amalgamation of Knowledge" translated by A.Y. Musa in Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam, New York: Palgrave, 2008