Amfiregulin

Amfiregulin
Dostupne strukture
PDB	Pretraga ortologa: PDBe RCSB
Spisak PDB ID kodova
	2RNL
Identifikatori
Aliasi	AREG
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 104640 MGI: 88068 HomoloGene: 1252 GeneCards: AREG
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 4 (čovjek)
Kraj	74,455,005 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 5 (miš)
Kraj	91,296,291 bp
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• cytokine activity; • epidermal growth factor receptor binding; • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • growth factor activity;
Ćelijska komponenta	• citoplazma; • integral component of membrane; • endoplasmic reticulum membrane; • membrana; • intracellular anatomical structure; • cell surface; • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane; • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; • jedro; • Golđijeva membrana; • Vanćelijsko; • extracellular region; • clathrin-coated vesicle membrane;
Biološki proces	• dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • response to estradiol; • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • GO:1904578 response to organic cyclic compound; • cell-cell signaling; • mammary gland branching involved in thelarche; • response to peptide hormone; • response to glucocorticoid; • mammary gland alveolus development; • negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation; • endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; • epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation; • COPII vesicle coating; • glial cell proliferation; • response to cAMP; • positive regulation of phosphorylation; • Ćelijska proliferacija; • neuron projection development; • response to hydrogen peroxide; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • regulation of signaling receptor activity; • positive regulation of cell population proliferation; • MAPK cascade; • GO:0072468 Transdukcija signala; • negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; • membrane organization; • positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	374
	11839
	ENSG00000109321
	ENSMUSG00000029378
	P15514
	P31955
	NM_001657
	NM_009704
	NP_001648
	NP_033834
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Amfiregulin – poznat i kao AREG – je protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran iz gena pod oznakom AREG.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Funkcija uredi

Protein koji je kodiran iz pomenutog gena je član porodice epidermskog faktora rasta (EGF).^[5] To je jedan od autokrinih faktora rasta, kao i mitogen za astrocite, Schwannove ćelije, fibroblaste. Srodan je epidermskom faktoru rasta (EGF) i transformirajućem alfa faktoru rasta (TGF-alfa). Ovaj proteinThis je u međudjejstvu sa receptorom epidermskog faktora rasta (EGFR) u promociji rasta normalnih epitelnih ćelija.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Biološka uloga uredi

Estradiol i progesteron glavninom podstiču ekspresiju amfiregulina u posredovanju kanala u razvoju mliječnih žlijezda.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] Nađeno je da je amfiregulin suštinski bitan za razvoj mliječnih kanala, koji nije prisutan kod razvoja mliječnih kanalića u amfiregulinski knockout miša.^[14] Sličan je fenotipovima EGFR i estrogenskom receptoru alfa (ERα) knockout miša, koji također ispoljava odsustvo duktalnog rasta.^[14]

Klinički značaj uredi

Mutacije u kodiranom proteinu su vezane sa psorijazi sličnom fenotipu kože.^[5]

Također pogledajte uredi

Reference uredi

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109321 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029378 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: AREG amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor)".
^ Shoyab M, Plowman GD, McDonald VL, Bradley JG, Todaro GJ (februar 1989). "Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Science. 243 (4894 Pt 1): 1074–6. doi:10.1126/science.2466334. PMID 2466334.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
^ Plowman GD, Green JM, McDonald VL, Neubauer MG, Disteche CM, Todaro GJ, Shoyab M (maj 1990). "The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (5): 1969–81. PMC 360543. PMID 2325643. Arhivirano s originala, 24. 5. 2011. Pristupljeno 28. 1. 2016.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
^ Hunter G. K. (2000): Vital Forces. The discovery of the molecular basis of life. Academic Press, London 2000, ISBN 0-12-361811-8.
^ Nelson D. L., Cox M. M. (2013): Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Co., ISBN 978-1-4641-0962-1.
^ Bajrović K, Jevrić-Čaušević A., Hadžiselimović R., Ed. (2005): Uvod u genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju. Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju (INGEB), Sarajevo, ISBN 9958-9344-1-8.
^ Aupperlee MD, Leipprandt JR, Bennett JM, Schwartz RC, Haslam SZ (2013). "Amphiregulin mediates progesterone-induced mammary ductal development during puberty". Breast Cancer Res. 15 (3): R44. doi:10.1186/bcr3431. PMC 3738150. PMID 23705924.
^ LaMarca HL, Rosen JM (2007). "Estrogen regulation of mammary gland development and breast cancer: amphiregulin takes center stage". Breast Cancer Res. 9 (4): 304. doi:10.1186/bcr1740. PMC 2206713. PMID 17659070.
^ Kariagina A, Xie J, Leipprandt JR, Haslam SZ (2010). "Amphiregulin mediates estrogen, progesterone, and EGFR signaling in the normal rat mammary gland and in hormone-dependent rat mammary cancers". Horm Cancer. 1 (5): 229–44. doi:10.1007/s12672-010-0048-0. PMC 3000471. PMID 21258428.
^ ^a ^b ^c McBryan J, Howlin J, Napoletano S, Martin F (2008). "Amphiregulin: role in mammary gland development and breast cancer". J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 13 (2): 159–69. doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9075-7. PMID 18398673.
^ Sternlicht MD, Sunnarborg SW (2008). "The ADAM17-amphiregulin-EGFR axis in mammary development and cancer". J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 13 (2): 181–94. doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9084-6. PMC 2723838. PMID 18470483.

Dopunska literatura uredi

Culouscou JM, Remacle-Bonnet M, Carlton GW; et al. (1993). "Colorectum cell-derived growth factor (CRDGF) is homologous to amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Growth Factors. 7 (3): 195–205. doi:10.3109/08977199209046924. PMID 1333777.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Cook PW, Mattox PA, Keeble WW; et al. (1991). "A heparin sulfate-regulated human keratinocyte autocrine factor is similar or identical to amphiregulin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (5): 2547–57. PMC 360024. PMID 2017164.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Kimura H, Fischer WH, Schubert D (1990). "Structure, expression and function of a schwannoma-derived growth factor". Nature. 348 (6298): 257–60. doi:10.1038/348257a0. PMID 2234093.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Plowman GD, Green JM, McDonald VL; et al. (1990). "The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (5): 1969–81. PMC 360543. PMID 2325643.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Shoyab M, Plowman GD, McDonald VL; et al. (1989). "Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Science. 243 (4894 Pt 1): 1074–6. doi:10.1126/science.2466334. PMID 2466334.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Shoyab M, McDonald VL, Bradley JG, Todaro GJ (1988). "Amphiregulin: a bifunctional growth-modulating glycoprotein produced by the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (17): 6528–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6528. PMC 282006. PMID 3413110.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Chen CS, Bejcek BE, Kersey JH (1995). "A mapping study of 13 genes on human chromosome bands 4q11→q25". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 69 (3–4): 260–5. doi:10.1159/000133976. PMID 7698025.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Cook PW, Piepkorn M, Clegg CH; et al. (1997). "Transgenic expression of the human amphiregulin gene induces a psoriasis-like phenotype". J. Clin. Invest. 100 (9): 2286–94. doi:10.1172/JCI119766. PMC 508424. PMID 9410906.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Wong L, Deb TB, Thompson SA; et al. (1999). "A differential requirement for the COOH-terminal region of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in amphiregulin and EGF mitogenic signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (13): 8900–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.13.8900. PMID 10085134.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Reddy KB, Krueger JS, Kondapaka SB, Diglio CA (1999). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates the expression of progelatinase B (MMP-9) in breast epithelial cells". Int. J. Cancer. 82 (2): 268–73. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990719)82:2<268::AID-IJC18>3.0.CO;2-4. PMID 10389762.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Fernandes AM, Hamburger AW, Gerwin BI (1999). "Production of epidermal growth factor related ligands in tumorigenic and benign human lung epithelial cells". Cancer Lett. 142 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00166-4. PMID 10424781.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Lee SB, Huang K, Palmer R; et al. (1999). "The Wilms tumor suppressor WT1 encodes a transcriptional activator of amphiregulin". Cell. 98 (5): 663–73. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80053-7. PMID 10490105.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Tokumaru S, Higashiyama S, Endo T; et al. (2000). "Ectodomain Shedding of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligands Is Required for Keratinocyte Migration in Cutaneous Wound Healing". J. Cell Biol. 151 (2): 209–20. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.2.209. PMC 2192647. PMID 11038170.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Ebert MP, Hernberg S, Fei G; et al. (2001). "Induction and expression of cyclin D3 in human pancreatic cancer". J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 127 (7): 449–54. doi:10.1007/s004320100235. PMID 11469683.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Berquin IM, Dziubinski ML, Nolan GP, Ethier SP (2001). "A functional screen for genes inducing epidermal growth factor autonomy of human mammary epithelial cells confirms the role of amphiregulin". Oncogene. 20 (30): 4019–28. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204537. PMID 11494130.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Thøgersen VB, Sørensen BS, Poulsen SS; et al. (2001). "A subclass of HER1 ligands are prognostic markers for survival in bladder cancer patients". Cancer Res. 61 (16): 6227–33. PMID 11507076.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Wolfgang CD, Essand M, Lee B, Pastan I (2001). "T-cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) expression in prostate cancer cells leads to an increased growth rate and induction of caveolins and amphiregulin". Cancer Res. 61 (22): 8122–6. PMID 11719440.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Schiemann U, Konturek J, Assert R; et al. (2002). "mRNA expression of EGF receptor ligands in atrophic gastritis before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication". Med. Sci. Monit. 8 (2): CR53–8. PMID 11859273.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Tørring N, Møller-Ernst Jensen K, Lund L; et al. (2002). "Possible autocrine loop of the epidermal growth factor system in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with finasteride: a placebo-controlled randomized study". BJU Int. 89 (6): 583–90. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.02665.x. PMID 11942969.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
Hurbin A, Dubrez L, Coll JL, Favrot MC (2003). "Inhibition of apoptosis by amphiregulin via an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-dependent pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 49127–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207584200. PMID 12356750.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109321 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029378 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: AREG amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor)".

[pmid2466334-6] Shoyab M, Plowman GD, McDonald VL, Bradley JG, Todaro GJ (februar 1989). "Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family". Science. 243 (4894 Pt 1): 1074–6. doi:10.1126/science.2466334. PMID 2466334.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)

[pmid2325643-7] Plowman GD, Green JM, McDonald VL, Neubauer MG, Disteche CM, Todaro GJ, Shoyab M (maj 1990). "The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (5): 1969–81. PMC 360543. PMID 2325643. Arhivirano s originala, 24. 5. 2011. Pristupljeno 28. 1. 2016.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)

[8] Hunter G. K. (2000): Vital Forces. The discovery of the molecular basis of life. Academic Press, London 2000, ISBN 0-12-361811-8.

[9] Nelson D. L., Cox M. M. (2013): Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Co., ISBN 978-1-4641-0962-1.

[10] Bajrović K, Jevrić-Čaušević A., Hadžiselimović R., Ed. (2005): Uvod u genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju. Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i biotehnologiju (INGEB), Sarajevo, ISBN 9958-9344-1-8.

[pmid23705924-11] Aupperlee MD, Leipprandt JR, Bennett JM, Schwartz RC, Haslam SZ (2013). "Amphiregulin mediates progesterone-induced mammary ductal development during puberty". Breast Cancer Res. 15 (3): R44. doi:10.1186/bcr3431. PMC 3738150. PMID 23705924.

[pmid17659070-12] LaMarca HL, Rosen JM (2007). "Estrogen regulation of mammary gland development and breast cancer: amphiregulin takes center stage". Breast Cancer Res. 9 (4): 304. doi:10.1186/bcr1740. PMC 2206713. PMID 17659070.

[pmid21258428-13] Kariagina A, Xie J, Leipprandt JR, Haslam SZ (2010). "Amphiregulin mediates estrogen, progesterone, and EGFR signaling in the normal rat mammary gland and in hormone-dependent rat mammary cancers". Horm Cancer. 1 (5): 229–44. doi:10.1007/s12672-010-0048-0. PMC 3000471. PMID 21258428.

[pmid18398673-14] McBryan J, Howlin J, Napoletano S, Martin F (2008). "Amphiregulin: role in mammary gland development and breast cancer". J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 13 (2): 159–69. doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9075-7. PMID 18398673.

[pmid18470483-15] Sternlicht MD, Sunnarborg SW (2008). "The ADAM17-amphiregulin-EGFR axis in mammary development and cancer". J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 13 (2): 181–94. doi:10.1007/s10911-008-9084-6. PMC 2723838. PMID 18470483.

[5]

[6]

[7]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]